Physics

Loutfy H. Madkour
Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science and Arts, Baljarashi, Al-Baha University, P.O. Box 1988, Al-Baha, Saudi Arabia
Correspondence should be addressed to Loutfy H. Madkour; loutfy.madkour@yahoo.com
Received 9 September 2013; Revised 8 December 2013; Accepted 6 January 2014; Published 5 March 2014
Academic Editor: Miguel A. Huerta-Diaz
Copyright © 2014 Loutfy H. Madkour. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License,
which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
The polymetal (Zn, Pb, Fe, Ca,Mg, Cd,Ba, Ni,Ti, and SiO2) complex Umm-Gheig carbonate ore is subjected to sintering treatment
at 573, 773, 973 and 1273K respectively for four hours. Chemical, spectral, X-ray and differential thermal analyses are applied for
the native ore as well as for the samples preheated and sintered.The current versus applied DC voltage (𝐼−−𝑉) characteristics, bulk
density (𝐷b), percent shrinkage (%𝑆), activation energy (𝐸a) and energy gap (𝐸g) are established for the sintered ore.The electrical
conductivity (𝜎), thermal conductivity (𝐾) and thermoelectric power coefficient (𝛼) have been investigated as a function of applied
temperature for the sintered ore materials. The electrical conduction is mainly achieved by free electrons near or in conduction
band or n-type. As the sintering temperature (𝑇s) increases the conduction of the ore is also increased due to the recombination
process taking place between the electrons and holes. Electrons hopping between Fe2+ and Fe3+ are the main charge carriers.The
formation of Fe3O4 at high sintering temperature acts as an active mineralizer, thus inducing an increased degree of crystallinity
and a more ordered crystal structure is produced.

The polymetal (Zn, Pb, Fe, Ca, Mg, Cd, Ba, Ni, Ti, and SiO2) complex Umm-Gheig carbonate ore is subjected to sintering treatment at 573, 773, 973 and 1273 K respectively for four hours. Chemical, spectral, X-ray and differential thermal analyses are applied for the native ore as well as for the samples preheated and sintered. The I-V characteristics, bulk density (Db), percent shrinkage (%S), activation energy (Ea) and energy gap (Eg) are established for the sintered ore. The electrical conductivity (), thermal conductivity (K) and thermoelectric power coefficient () have been investigated as a function of applied temperature for the sintered ore materials. The electrical and thermal measurements show that the sintered ore has semiconductivity behaviour with temperature. The electrical conduction is mainly achieved by electrons or n-type. As the sintering temperature (Ts) increases the conduction of the ore is also increased owning to the recombination process takes place between the electrons and holes. Electrons hopping between Fe2+ and Fe3+ are the main charge carriers. The formation of Fe3O4 at high sintering temperature acts as an active mineralizer, thus inducing an increased degree of crystallinity and the more ordered crystal structure is produced.

TWO MAJOR THINGS ABOUT THE BIBLE:  1)  IT TEACHS THE BEST WAY TO USE OUR IMAGINATION AND EMOTIONS TO MANIFEST THINGS INTO THE PHYSICAL AND 2)  ITS A MASSVE CONTROL DEVICE  -  CLEARLY ALTERED FOR THE PURPOSE OF CONTROLLING MAN  -  HOLOGRAPHICALLY I.E. GIVING US STORIES, IMAGES AND EMOTIONS ABOUT WAR, KILLING, STEALING ETC.  USING THE EXACT SYSTEM THE BIBLE TEACHES FOR MANIFESTATION TO CONTROL HUMANS.  BUT, ALL BY PRIME CREATOR'S DESIGN A HUGE DESIGN TO KEEP HUMANS STUPID.  WE ARE AN ENTERTAINMENT SPECIE.

The investigation of the large scale structure of the World revealed its high inhomogeneity. During the last couple of decades a rich picture of groups, clusters and superclusters of the galaxies separated by a number of huge empty voids was released. The foam-like structure becomes more and more clear. The building blocks of the large scale structure are superclusters and voids which are forming the supercluster-void network. This network has pronounced filamentary structure. In this paper we discuss the mechanism of creation and stabilization of the Macrostructure of the World in the frame of elastonic model.