Quantum Gravity
Research Interests:
The present article argues that gravity can be fundamentally tied to entropy as a spectrum of states, and that this co-dependence of gravity and an entropic state-space in the Standard Model universe (post Planck scale) makes it necessary... more
The present article argues that gravity can be fundamentally tied to entropy as a spectrum of states, and that this co-dependence of gravity and an entropic state-space in the Standard Model universe (post Planck scale) makes it necessary that it be founded on a sub-Planckian set of states, or frequency spectrum, thus instantiating a sub-quantum physics.
This is in accordance with Hardy’s ISS theory that posits a data bank of frequencies set along the quarters of circles of a golden spiral developing from the point of origin and increasing with the logarithm of phi up to Planck frequency. These frequencies correspond to specific virtual particles called sygons, whose interferences at long wavelengths will create the Higgs field and that will morph into the particles of the Standard Model after crossing Higgs field.
Keywords: gravity, entropy, hyperdimension, information field at the origin, Fibonacci sequence, sub-quantum physics.
This is in accordance with Hardy’s ISS theory that posits a data bank of frequencies set along the quarters of circles of a golden spiral developing from the point of origin and increasing with the logarithm of phi up to Planck frequency. These frequencies correspond to specific virtual particles called sygons, whose interferences at long wavelengths will create the Higgs field and that will morph into the particles of the Standard Model after crossing Higgs field.
Keywords: gravity, entropy, hyperdimension, information field at the origin, Fibonacci sequence, sub-quantum physics.
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CORRECTED 2ND DRAFT The no-signaling arguments for orthodox quantum theory assume a violation of the general action-reaction principle that Einstein used to get from special relativity to general relativity. Special relativity had action... more
CORRECTED 2ND DRAFT
The no-signaling arguments for orthodox quantum theory assume a violation of the general action-reaction principle that Einstein used to get from special relativity to general relativity. Special relativity had action of spacetime geometry on the geodesic motion of particles without any direct reaction of those particles back on the spacetime geometry. Similarly, Bohm and Hiley pointed out that the no-signaling property of orthodox quantum theory’s entanglement depended on the Schrodinger quantum information pilot field having “no sources.” The pilot field changed the classical world lines of particles without any direct reaction of those particles back on their quantum information pilot field. Such direct back-reaction would result in stand-alone entanglement signals. These entanglement signals seem to violate special relativity because they appear to be spacelike faster-than-the speed of light. However, R. I. Sutherland, building on the 1950’s work of O. Costa de Beauregard, I.J. Good and Fred Hoyle leading back to Wheeler and Feynman (1940 – 47) has shown that the violation of Bell’s inequality is best understood as local retrocausality that is completely relativistically invariant. John Bell knew about this, but rejected it because it seemed to him to contradict free will. Yakir Aharonov and his students as well as John Cramer and Hoyle and Narlikar have developed these ideas further since the 1950s up to the present time. Of particular experimental interest is Aephraim Steinberg’s work on photon Bohmian trajectories in space using Aharonov’s post-selected “destiny” and pre-selected “history” “weak measurement” technique. The bottom line here is that real Bohmian particle trajectories can be observed – the variables are no longer “hidden” via Aharonov’s weak measurements. This is the most parsimonious understanding of the facts minimizing the algorithmic complexity in the space of possible interpretations of orthodox quantum theory.
Rod Sutherland has shown that the lack of direct back reaction from particle to wave enforcing the no-signaling property of entanglement is precisely the old de Broglie guidance constraint that Antony Valentini characterizes as “sub-quantal equilibrium” with “signal locality” as a limiting case of a more general post-quantum theory. Hagen Kleinert has also shown that this limiting case is a WKB approximation. Violation of the de Broglie guidance constraint leads to entanglement signaling that may be equivalent to the super-computation around closed timelike curves discussed by Seth Lloyd and others. These results also apply to the Dirac fermion and the boson gauge theories in Bohmian form.
The application of post-quantum theory’s violation of the de-Broglie guidance constraint corresponding to Antony Valentini’s “sub-quantum non-equilibrium” “signal nonlocality” to naturally conscious AI machines will also be considered.
This paper breaks new ground. It is first a commentary on the following paper by Rod Sutherland. However, second, I will also consider the extension of quantum theory to the more general post-quantum theory that is not considered except in passing in his paper below. Post-quantum theory obeying Einstein’s general action-reaction principle corresponds to Antony Valentini’s “sub-quantum non-equilibrium” with entanglement signal nonlocality. That is, we do not need a classical signal key to locally decode a message at Bob’s receiver sub-system encoded in the distant sender Alice’s part of the entangled whole system. The message would be in non-equilibrium non-random statistics of the reduced density matrix of Bob’s receiver controlled by Alice even if Alice is inside Bob’s Lorentz invariant future light cone.
The no-signaling arguments for orthodox quantum theory assume a violation of the general action-reaction principle that Einstein used to get from special relativity to general relativity. Special relativity had action of spacetime geometry on the geodesic motion of particles without any direct reaction of those particles back on the spacetime geometry. Similarly, Bohm and Hiley pointed out that the no-signaling property of orthodox quantum theory’s entanglement depended on the Schrodinger quantum information pilot field having “no sources.” The pilot field changed the classical world lines of particles without any direct reaction of those particles back on their quantum information pilot field. Such direct back-reaction would result in stand-alone entanglement signals. These entanglement signals seem to violate special relativity because they appear to be spacelike faster-than-the speed of light. However, R. I. Sutherland, building on the 1950’s work of O. Costa de Beauregard, I.J. Good and Fred Hoyle leading back to Wheeler and Feynman (1940 – 47) has shown that the violation of Bell’s inequality is best understood as local retrocausality that is completely relativistically invariant. John Bell knew about this, but rejected it because it seemed to him to contradict free will. Yakir Aharonov and his students as well as John Cramer and Hoyle and Narlikar have developed these ideas further since the 1950s up to the present time. Of particular experimental interest is Aephraim Steinberg’s work on photon Bohmian trajectories in space using Aharonov’s post-selected “destiny” and pre-selected “history” “weak measurement” technique. The bottom line here is that real Bohmian particle trajectories can be observed – the variables are no longer “hidden” via Aharonov’s weak measurements. This is the most parsimonious understanding of the facts minimizing the algorithmic complexity in the space of possible interpretations of orthodox quantum theory.
Rod Sutherland has shown that the lack of direct back reaction from particle to wave enforcing the no-signaling property of entanglement is precisely the old de Broglie guidance constraint that Antony Valentini characterizes as “sub-quantal equilibrium” with “signal locality” as a limiting case of a more general post-quantum theory. Hagen Kleinert has also shown that this limiting case is a WKB approximation. Violation of the de Broglie guidance constraint leads to entanglement signaling that may be equivalent to the super-computation around closed timelike curves discussed by Seth Lloyd and others. These results also apply to the Dirac fermion and the boson gauge theories in Bohmian form.
The application of post-quantum theory’s violation of the de-Broglie guidance constraint corresponding to Antony Valentini’s “sub-quantum non-equilibrium” “signal nonlocality” to naturally conscious AI machines will also be considered.
This paper breaks new ground. It is first a commentary on the following paper by Rod Sutherland. However, second, I will also consider the extension of quantum theory to the more general post-quantum theory that is not considered except in passing in his paper below. Post-quantum theory obeying Einstein’s general action-reaction principle corresponds to Antony Valentini’s “sub-quantum non-equilibrium” with entanglement signal nonlocality. That is, we do not need a classical signal key to locally decode a message at Bob’s receiver sub-system encoded in the distant sender Alice’s part of the entangled whole system. The message would be in non-equilibrium non-random statistics of the reduced density matrix of Bob’s receiver controlled by Alice even if Alice is inside Bob’s Lorentz invariant future light cone.
Research Interests: Quantum Computing, Quantum Physics, Quantum Chemistry, Quantum Gravity, Quantum Optics, and 18 moreQuantum Information, Quantum Electrodynamics, Foundations of Quantum Mechanics, Quantum Information Processing, Quantum Theory, Quantum Cosmology, Quantum Mechanics, Quantum Field Theory, Quantum Cryptography, Philosophy of Quantum Mechanics, Quantum Computation, Quantum entanglement, Quantum Dots, Quantum Biology, String Theory, Quantum Field Theory, Black Holes, Quantum Circuits, Computational Quantum Chemistry, and Open Quantum Systems
Some pedagogical clarifications on the physical meaning of post-quantum theory compared to its incomplete limiting case of text book orthodox quantum theory with no entanglement signaling.
Research Interests: Quantum Computing, Quantum Physics, Quantum Chemistry, Quantum Gravity, Quantum Optics, and 18 moreQuantum Information, Quantum Electrodynamics, Foundations of Quantum Mechanics, Quantum Information Processing, Quantum Theory, Quantum Cosmology, Quantum Mechanics, Quantum Field Theory, Quantum Cryptography, Philosophy of Quantum Mechanics, Quantum Computation, Quantum entanglement, Quantum Dots, Quantum Biology, Quantum Circuits, Computational Quantum Chemistry, Quantum Teaching, and Open Quantum Systems
Recent correspondence with Rod Sutherland on extending quantum theory to post-quantum theory with direct entanglement signaling.
Research Interests: Quantum Computing, Quantum Physics, Quantum Chemistry, Quantum Gravity, Quantum Optics, and 11 moreQuantum Information, Foundations of Quantum Mechanics, Quantum Theory, Quantum Cosmology, Quantum Mechanics, Quantum Field Theory, Quantum Cryptography, Philosophy of Quantum Mechanics, Quantum Computation, Quantum entanglement, and Quantum Dots
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We argue that quantum gravity should be a super-quantum theory, that is, a theory whose non-local correlations are stronger than those of canonical quantum theory. As a super-quantum theory, quantum gravity should display distinct... more
We argue that quantum gravity should be a super-quantum theory, that is, a theory whose non-local correlations are stronger than those of canonical quantum theory. As a super-quantum theory, quantum gravity should display distinct experimentally observable super-correlations of entangled stringy states.
Research Interests:
We argue that the combination of the principles of quantum theory and general relativity allow for a dynamical energy-momentum space. We discuss the freezing of vacuum energy in such a dynamical energy-momentum space and present a... more
We argue that the combination of the principles of quantum theory and general relativity allow for a dynamical energy-momentum space. We discuss the freezing of vacuum energy in such a dynamical energy-momentum space and present a phenomenologically viable seesaw formula for the cosmological constant in this context.
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Mathematicians investigating one of science's great questions—how to unite the physics of the very big with that of the very small—have discovered that when the understanding of complex networks such as the brain or the Internet is... more
Mathematicians investigating one of science's great questions—how to unite the physics of the very big with that of the very small—have discovered that when the understanding of complex networks such as the brain or the Internet is applied to geometry the results match up with quantum behavior. [6]
Vectors are great for describing the motion of a particle. But now suppose you need to analyze something more complicated, where multiple magnitudes and directions are involved. Perhaps you’re an engineer calculating stresses and strains in an elastic material. Or a neuroscientist tracing the changing forces on water flow near nerve cells. Or a physicist attempting to describe gravity in the cosmos. For all that, you need tensors. And they might even help you unify gravitational theory with quantum physics. [5]
The magnetic induction creates a negative electric field, causing an electromagnetic inertia responsible for the relativistic mass change; it is the mysterious Higgs Field giving mass to the particles. The Planck Distribution Law of the electromagnetic oscillators explains the electron/proton mass rate by the diffraction patterns. The accelerating charges explain not only the Maxwell Equations and the Special Relativity, but the Heisenberg Uncertainty Relation, the wave particle duality and the electron’s spin also, building the bridge between the Classical and Relativistic Quantum Theories. The self maintained electric potential of the accelerating charges equivalent with the General Relativity space-time curvature, and since it is true on the quantum level also, gives the base of the Quantum Gravity.
Vectors are great for describing the motion of a particle. But now suppose you need to analyze something more complicated, where multiple magnitudes and directions are involved. Perhaps you’re an engineer calculating stresses and strains in an elastic material. Or a neuroscientist tracing the changing forces on water flow near nerve cells. Or a physicist attempting to describe gravity in the cosmos. For all that, you need tensors. And they might even help you unify gravitational theory with quantum physics. [5]
The magnetic induction creates a negative electric field, causing an electromagnetic inertia responsible for the relativistic mass change; it is the mysterious Higgs Field giving mass to the particles. The Planck Distribution Law of the electromagnetic oscillators explains the electron/proton mass rate by the diffraction patterns. The accelerating charges explain not only the Maxwell Equations and the Special Relativity, but the Heisenberg Uncertainty Relation, the wave particle duality and the electron’s spin also, building the bridge between the Classical and Relativistic Quantum Theories. The self maintained electric potential of the accelerating charges equivalent with the General Relativity space-time curvature, and since it is true on the quantum level also, gives the base of the Quantum Gravity.
Research Interests:
Rod Sutherland under the influence of physicists at a Quantum Foundations Workshop erased the most important equation (77) in his original paper. That missing equation is the key to extending quantum theory to post-quantum theory... more
Rod Sutherland under the influence of physicists at a Quantum Foundations Workshop erased the most important equation (77) in his original paper. That missing equation is the key to extending quantum theory to post-quantum theory permitting sentient Artificial Intelligence as well as super-computers beyond even the quantum computers sought by DARPA.
Research Interests: Quantum Computing, Quantum Physics, Quantum Chemistry, Quantum Gravity, Quantum Optics, and 12 moreQuantum Information, Foundations of Quantum Mechanics, Quantum Theory, Quantum Cosmology, Quantum Mechanics, Quantum Field Theory, Quantum Cryptography, Philosophy of Quantum Mechanics, Quantum Computation, Quantum entanglement, Quantum Dots, and Quantum Circuits
Rather we have back-from-the-future timelike locality consistent with Einstein's special relativity for Bohm's pilot wave 1952 theory. Using Rod Sutherland's Lagrangian method I show how to get to post-quantum theory from quantum theory... more
Rather we have back-from-the-future timelike locality consistent with Einstein's special relativity for Bohm's pilot wave 1952 theory.
Using Rod Sutherland's Lagrangian method I show how to get to post-quantum theory from quantum theory just like Einstein did to get from special to general relativity via the action-reaction principle. Sutherland showed that de Broglie's guidance constraint corresponds to what I have called zero back-reaction classical particle to quantum wave and what Antony Valentini calls "sub-quantal equilibrium."
Using Rod Sutherland's Lagrangian method I show how to get to post-quantum theory from quantum theory just like Einstein did to get from special to general relativity via the action-reaction principle. Sutherland showed that de Broglie's guidance constraint corresponds to what I have called zero back-reaction classical particle to quantum wave and what Antony Valentini calls "sub-quantal equilibrium."
Research Interests: Quantum Computing, Quantum Physics, Quantum Chemistry, Quantum Gravity, Quantum Optics, and 12 moreQuantum Information, Foundations of Quantum Mechanics, Quantum Theory, Quantum Cosmology, Quantum Mechanics, Quantum Field Theory, Quantum Cryptography, Philosophy of Quantum Mechanics, Quantum Computation, Quantum entanglement, Quantum Dots, and Quantum Circuits
The SU(2)xU(1) symmetry of the acceleration matrix is quite covered in the paper. The SU(3) symmetry is mentioned but the discussion of the Gauge symmetry was very concise. Here the draft covers one of the ways to describe the SU(3)... more
The SU(2)xU(1) symmetry of the acceleration matrix is quite covered in the paper. The SU(3) symmetry is mentioned but the discussion of the Gauge symmetry was very concise. Here the draft covers one of the ways to describe the SU(3) symmetry.
See:
Paper DOI: 10.9734/PSIJ/2015/18291
http://sciencedomain.org/abstract/9858
Corrigendum to DOI: 10.9734/PSIJ/2015/18291
in http://sciencedomain.org/issue/1288
See:
Paper DOI: 10.9734/PSIJ/2015/18291
http://sciencedomain.org/abstract/9858
Corrigendum to DOI: 10.9734/PSIJ/2015/18291
in http://sciencedomain.org/issue/1288
Research Interests:
In this paper I will attempt to demonstrate that gravity is a result of electromagetism due to the magnetic moments of the particles associated with matter(protons, neutrons, and electrons). Their magnetic moments, particularly the one of... more
In this paper I will attempt to demonstrate that gravity is a result of electromagetism due to the magnetic moments of the particles associated with matter(protons, neutrons, and electrons). Their magnetic moments, particularly the one of the electron since it is much larger than the other two gives a value when plugged into the proper equation that coincides with the acceleration of gravity at Earth's surface. This value would appear monopole in nature the way you expect gravity to be since it is a remainder field coming from the electron due to the cancellation of fields from the other two particles. Also within the course of this paper I will deal briefly with the gravitational constant and its meaning as it relates to electromagnetism. Finally, since I am postulating that gravity is a result of electromagnetism, I will also describe a device that should create a propellantless means of propulsion by manipulating electromagnetism.
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Central to the development of any new theory is the investigation of the observable consequences of the theory. In the search for quantum gravity, research in phenomenology has been dominated by models violating Lorentz invariance (LI) --... more
Central to the development of any new theory is the investigation of the observable consequences of the theory. In the search for quantum gravity, research in phenomenology has been dominated by models violating Lorentz invariance (LI) -- despite there being, at present, no evidence that LI is violated. Causal set theory is a LI candidate theory of QG that seeks not to quantise gravity as such, but rather to develop a new understanding of the universe from which both GR and QM could arise separately. The key hypothesis is that spacetime is a discrete partial order: a set of events where the partial ordering is the physical causal ordering between the events. This thesis investigates Lorentz invariant QG phenomenology motivated by the causal set approach. Massive particles propagating in a discrete spacetime will experience diffusion in both position and momentum in proper time. This thesis considers this idea in more depth, providing a rigorous derivation of the diffusion equation in terms of observable cosmic time. The diffusion behaviour does not depend on any particular underlying particle model. Simulations of three different models are conducted, revealing behaviour that matches the diffusion equation despite limitations on the size of causal set simulated. The effect of spacetime discreteness on the behaviour of massless particles is also investigated. Diffusion equations in both affine time and cosmic time are derived, and it is found that massless particles undergo diffusion and drift in energy. Constraints are placed on the magnitudes of the drift and diffusion parameters by considering the blackbody nature of the CMB. Spacetime discreteness also has a potentially observable effect on photon polarisation. For linearly polarised photons, underlying discreteness is found to cause a rotation in polarisation angle and a suppression in overall polarisation.
Research Interests:
Research Interests:
Models of particle propagation in causal set theory are investigated through simulations. For the swerves model the simulations are shown to agree with the expected continuum diffusion behaviour. Given the limitations on the simulated... more
Models of particle propagation in causal set theory are investigated through simulations. For the swerves model the simulations are shown to agree with the expected continuum diffusion behaviour. Given the limitations on the simulated causal set size, the agreement is far better than anticipated.
Research Interests:
Gravity is posed to be a radial flow of compressible fluid space, whose local speed defines a relative scale factor - a metric providing not only a measure of distance and time, but of dimension as well.The fluid space approach to... more
Gravity is posed to be a radial flow of compressible fluid space, whose local speed defines a relative scale factor - a metric providing not only a measure of distance and time, but of dimension as well.The fluid space approach to gravity, and a reliance upon special relativity, provide a novel scientific theme - a structural basis - for how elementary particles, and their properties, such as mass and charge, evolve along with energy-borne space.
The reader will find this narrative to be circular - without a starting point and without an end. We find ourselves witnessing the physical universe - a creative work in progress - an ongoing theatrical composition - without an informing prelude to suggest a purposeful theme; yet, with a sense that a finale has taken place; and, will ensue as an epoch of cosmic proportion.
Our narrative will discuss both space and time, with some disregard for the latter either being linear, simply connected, sequential or even present when crossing spatial or temporal boundaries called horizons. Our narrative focus is upon energy and all of its forms and manifestations - a property of both space and the objects enclosed within and without - but, a property which cannot be created or destroyed.
Realistic earth-based observation is subject to the spatial conditions existing at the locality where measurements are taken. Theoretical findings, predicated upon Lorentz invariance, across inertial frames of reference, are subject to critical review when applied to terrestrial based observations. An earth supported frame of reference is not an inertial frame; an object free to move will fall to the earth's surface. Relative to the freely falling object in the earth's gravitational field, the earth supported observer is accelerating radially outward; and, at an ever increasing rate.
Non-zero gravity is nowhere spatially uniform. The radial gravitational field approaching the earth's surface is varying non-linear with the distance relative to any supported reference frame. The radial spatial flow, is likewise accelerating inward at an ever increasing rate. This assures that the radial spatial flow will develop an event horizon. unless it encounters a counter support against the flow.
Although the variance between a local inertial frame and the earth supported frame is small, this is not the case near a black hole. Nor is this the case in the immediate proximity of the atomic nucleus and in subatomic space. Findings using the fluid model are consistent with solutions of Einstein's field equations applied at astronomical scales; the advantage being that the fluid model can be applied to microscopic scales where quantum effects arise and take hold; and do so in harmony.
The reader will find this narrative to be circular - without a starting point and without an end. We find ourselves witnessing the physical universe - a creative work in progress - an ongoing theatrical composition - without an informing prelude to suggest a purposeful theme; yet, with a sense that a finale has taken place; and, will ensue as an epoch of cosmic proportion.
Our narrative will discuss both space and time, with some disregard for the latter either being linear, simply connected, sequential or even present when crossing spatial or temporal boundaries called horizons. Our narrative focus is upon energy and all of its forms and manifestations - a property of both space and the objects enclosed within and without - but, a property which cannot be created or destroyed.
Realistic earth-based observation is subject to the spatial conditions existing at the locality where measurements are taken. Theoretical findings, predicated upon Lorentz invariance, across inertial frames of reference, are subject to critical review when applied to terrestrial based observations. An earth supported frame of reference is not an inertial frame; an object free to move will fall to the earth's surface. Relative to the freely falling object in the earth's gravitational field, the earth supported observer is accelerating radially outward; and, at an ever increasing rate.
Non-zero gravity is nowhere spatially uniform. The radial gravitational field approaching the earth's surface is varying non-linear with the distance relative to any supported reference frame. The radial spatial flow, is likewise accelerating inward at an ever increasing rate. This assures that the radial spatial flow will develop an event horizon. unless it encounters a counter support against the flow.
Although the variance between a local inertial frame and the earth supported frame is small, this is not the case near a black hole. Nor is this the case in the immediate proximity of the atomic nucleus and in subatomic space. Findings using the fluid model are consistent with solutions of Einstein's field equations applied at astronomical scales; the advantage being that the fluid model can be applied to microscopic scales where quantum effects arise and take hold; and do so in harmony.
Research Interests: Nuclear Physics, Quantum Physics, Space Sciences, Gravitation, Quantum Gravity, and 23 moreQuantum Electrodynamics, General Relativity, Black Holes, Quantum Field Theory, Space and Time (Philosophy), Astrophysics, Astronomy, Subatomic theoretical physics, General Theory of Relativity, Gravity, Beta decay, Theory of Relativity, Gravity Model, Horizon, Radioactivity, Event horizon, Nuclear Structure Studies, Natural Radioactivity, Sub Atomic Physics, Theoritical Physics Especially Theory of Relativity, Hubble flow, Gravity Experiment; Small Low-Energy Non-Collider; Modified Cavendish Balance, Schwarzschild Interior Solution, and Layman Subatomic Physics
We examine the milli-charged dark matter scenario from a string theory perspective. In this scenario, kinetic and mass mixings of the photon with extra U(1) bosons are claimed to give rise to small electric charges, carried by dark matter... more
We examine the milli-charged dark matter scenario from a string theory perspective. In this scenario, kinetic and mass mixings of the photon with extra U(1) bosons are claimed to give rise to small electric charges, carried by dark matter particles, whose values are determined by continuous parameters of the theory. This seems to contradict folk theorems of quantum gravity that forbid the existence of irrational charges in theories with a single massless gauge field. By considering the underlying structure of the U(1) mass matrix that appears in type II string compactifications, we show that milli-charges arise exclusively through kinetic mixing, and require the existence of at least two exactly massless gauge bosons.
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We used the same system that we have sucesfully applied to forecast the earthquakes trend by AI and solar system data, to proof that there's a connection between nuclear test and earthquakes trend