Health Sciences

Objective: To determine the frequency of Helicobacter Pylori seropositivity in patients with hepatic encephalopathy.
Study Design: Descriptive cross sectional study.
Place & Duration of the Study: This study was conducted at the Department of Medicine of Khyber Teaching Hospital Peshawar from February 2014 till September 2014.
Methodology: This study included 137 cirrhotic patients and data was collected on a structured questionnaire. An informed written consent was taken from patients or their attendants, who fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Both male and female Patients (age 15 and above) were assessed in the OPD and admitted to Medical Unit for work up. All patients were investigated for H. Pylori Serology by sending 5ml of venous blood to the same laboratory. Data was analyzed using SPSS version16. Results: The mean age of all the 137 patients was 41.36years ± 10.48SD. Out of total patients of 137, 75 (54.75%) were males and 62(45.55%) were females. H. pylori serology was positive in 94 (68.61%) of the patients while 43 (31.39%) had negative antibody results for H. pylori. West- Haven classification of the grades of Hepatic Encephalopathy showed that 25 (18.25%) patients had grade 1, 33 patients (24.09%) had grade 2, 40 patients (29.2%) had grade 3 and 39
participants (28.47%) were in grade 4 Encephalopathy respectively. Conclusion: Cirrhotic patients are more commonly infected with H. Pylori and the vast majority
of them (68.61%) have positive antibody against the causative pathogen.

Abstract:
Background: Acquired drug resistance has been reported in Pseudomonas spp by production of plasmid mediated AmpC-β-lactamase, Extended Spectrum-β-lactamase (ESBL) and
Metallo-β-lactamase (MBL) enzymes. Carbapenems, being the most potent and reserved drug for treating infections caused by multi-drug resistant bacteria especially Pseudomonas spp is under threat due to the emergence of MBL producing Pseudomonas. aeruginosa. Thus the study was undertaken to study Metallo- β-lactamase (MBL) production among isolates of P. aeruginosa to know their dissemination and thereby proper and judicious selection of antibiotics . Methods: 112 isolates of P. aeruginosa were obtained from various clinical
samples which were subjected to susceptibility testing to antipseudomonal drugs as per CLSI guidelines. Isolates resistant to imipenem were screened for MBL production by Imepenem-EDTA Double Disc Synergy Test (DDST) test. Result: Of the 112 isolates of P.aeruginosa, 22% strains were imipenem resistant and 16% strains were MBL producers. Conclusion: MBL mediated carbapenem resistance in P. aeruginosa is a cause for concern in the therapy of critically ill patients. Simple DDST can be done to help monitoring of these emerging resistant determinants.

A 34 years old female with G4, P1, L1, and A2 with 34 weeks of gestation presented to us with the history of diarrhea for the past 15 days, initially she was having 10 to 15 episodes a day now reduce to 4 to 5 episodes per day. Treated by her gynecologist and Medical Gastroenterologist for the same with antibiotics I.V. fluids without any improvement. When presented to us patient was vitally stable without any signs of dehydration. When revisited the history she was psychologically not prepared for this pregnancy and didn't want to have this baby and was very anxious about her upcoming event of delivery. With her background of valuation and treatment and present psychological status she was diagnosed to have Psychogenic Diarrhea. Psychiatric
counseling done and was put on anti anxiety agents. She recovered.

Libraries are increasingly adopting cloud computing, a new technology model for Information Technology (IT) services. Cloud computing is of interest to health care professionals as well as health consumers. Health Science libraries maintain more control over the applications and data repositories that contain sensitive, private information about patrons. Provision and maintenance of infrastructure for web-based digital library presents several challenges. It allows them to avoid locally hosting multiple servers, housing massive equipment and constantly dealing with hardware failure, software installs, upgrades and compatibility issues. This paper describes the concept, current status of cloud computing and its application in health science libraries. Then it proposed to improve current user service via cloud computing.

Sobre la base del material de apoyo para una clase destinada a médicos y otros profesionales de la salud se presenta un modelo y una matriz de análisis para indagar los principales factores que inciden sobre la RMP y los cambios que se... more

Most professional health publications and presentations are not about health, but about how to avoid, prevent, or treat disease or infirmity. Better health cannot be attained by simply avoiding, preventing, or treating problems. Health efforts, therefore, should be directed toward creating physical, mental, and social wellbeing. To guide these efforts, salutogenesis, a theoretical framework about the origins or creation of health, is needed to complement the traditional pathogenesis framework that focuses on the origins and causes of disease. Salutogenic strategies are necessary to help health professionals promote positive health enhancement by making their practices about health.

Penyakit asam urat merupakan akibat dari konsumsi zat purin secara berlebihan. Purin diolah tubuh menjadi asam urat, tapi jika kadar asam urat berlebih, ginjal tidak mampu mengeluarkan sehingga kristal asam urat menumpuk di persendian. Akibatnya sendi terasa nyeri, bengkak dan meradang.

Asam urat adalah penyakit dari sisa metabolisme zat purin yang berasal dari sisa makanan yang kita konsumsi. Purin sendiri adalah zat yang terdapat dalam setiap bahan makanan yang berasal dari tubuh makhluk hidup. Dengan kata lain, dalam tubuh makhluk hidup terdapat zat purin ini, lalu karena kita memakan makhluk hidup tersebut, maka zat purin tersebut berpindah ke dalam tubuh kita.

Read more : http://granafocus.blogspot.com/2015/08/cara-mudah-mengatasi-asam-urat-akut.html

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Today foremost emphasis is being given to the protection of patient’s safety and ethics during the conduct of clinical trials. Serious considerations by regulatory authorities are taken to safeguard the patient’s right, safety and wellbeing involved in a clinical trial. In addition considerations like International Conference on Harmonization (ICH) guidelines, Investigational New Drug (IND) application, New Drug Application (NDA), Post Marketing Surveillance (PMS) and Periodic Benefit-Risk Evaluation Report (PBRER) formerly known as Periodic Safety Update Report (PSUR) submissions to different regulatory authorities has also been framed to strengthen ethics and patient’s safety. However modern clinical trials have evolved through serious consequences and tragedies like Thalidomide Tragedy, Sulfanilamide Disaster, Clioquinolol Tragedy, etc. associated with high morbidity and mortality. Potential reasons behind these tragedies include unethical clinical practices, inadequate preclinical safety and efficacy data, non-scientific conduct, lack of attentiveness for patient care, misinterpretation of safety data, lack of pharmaco-vigilance, slow withdrawal of drug from market etc. Hence toiling efforts have been made and should be made in investigating lacunas in national as well as international systems that encourage launch of such spurious drugs that needed withdrawals after 10-20 years of public use. This manuscript intends to collect and present data on tragic clinical trials, highlight the tragedies that occurred during the dark era of clinical trials and enumerate various corrective actions taken in response to the lessons learnt during those clinical trials.
Keywords: Clinical Trials; Tragedies; Regulatory Authorities; Adverse Drug Reaction.