XRD

The physical properties of polycrystalline HoRhGe have been studied experimentally and theoretically. The compound orders antiferromagnetically with a Néel temperature (TN) of 5.5 K. It shows a large negative magnetoresistance (MR) of 25% at TN, for a field of 50 kOe. However, at 2 K and in lower fields, the MR is found to be positive with a magnitude of about 12%. The magnetocaloric effect has been estimated from both magnetization and heat capacity data and found to be large compared to many potential refrigerant materials in the same temperature range. The optical conductivity calculated theoretically from the ab initio results is in agreement with experimental values. The electronic structure calculations with the LSDA + U method accounting for the strong electronic correlations in the 4f shell of holmium show that the Ho 4f electronic states play a major role in determining its magnetic, electronic and optical properties.

RTX (R=rare earths, T= 3d/4d/5d, transition metals such as Sc, Ti, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Ru, Rh, Pd,
Ag, Os, Ir, Pt, Au, and X=p-block elements such as Al, Ga, In, Si, Ge, Sn, As, Sb, Bi) series is a huge
family of intermetallics compounds. These compounds crystallize in different crystal structures
depending on the constituents. Though these compounds have been known for a long time, they came
to limelight recently in view of the large magnetocaloric effect (MCE) and magnetoresistance (MR)
shown by many of them. Most of these compounds crystallize in hexagonal and tetragonal crystal
structures. Some of them show crystal structure modification with annealing temperature; while a few
of them show iso-structural transition in the paramagnetic regime. Their magnetic ordering
temperatures vary from very low temperatures to temperatures well above room temperature (~510
K). Depending on the crystal structure, they show a variety of magnetic and electrical properties.
These compounds have been characterized by means of a variety of techniques/measurements such as
x-ray diffraction, neutron diffraction, magnetic properties, heat capacity, magnetocaloric properties,
electrical resistivity, magnetoresistance, thermoelectric power, thermal expansion, Hall effect, optical
properties, XPS, Mössbauer spectroscopy, ESR, μSR, NMR, NQR etc. Some amount of work on
theoretical calculations on electronic structure, crystal field interaction and exchange interactions has
also been reported. The interesting aspect of this series is that they show a variety of physical
properties such as Kondo effect, heavy fermion behavior, spin glass state, intermediate valence,
superconductivity, multiple magnetic transitions, metamagnetism, large MCE, large positive as well
as negative MR, spin orbital compensation, magnetic polaronic behavior, pseudo gap effect etc.
Except Mn, no other transition metal in these compounds possesses considerable magnetic moments.
Because of this RMnX compounds in general have high ordering temperatures. Interstitial
modification using hydrogen and nitrogen is found to alter their crystal structures and magnetic
properties considerably. RTX compounds also show interesting pressure effects on their structural and
magnetic properties. In summary, these compounds show variety of physical properties over a wide
range of temperatures. This review is intended to cover all the important results obtained in this
family, particularly in the last few years.

"Las bicapas de TiN/TiC se depositaron utilizando la técnica de deposición en fase vapor asistido por plasma (PAPVD)-Arco Pulsado, variando la temperatura del sustrato en un rango de 100-120±C, con intervalos de 5±C. Los recubrimientos se analizaron por medio de XPS y XRD. A partir del tratamiento de las señales de los espectros angostos de XPS y los patrones de XRD, se determino la formación de los compuestos TiN (Nitruro de Titanio), TiC (Carburo de Titanio) y TiCN (carbonitruro de titanio) en la fase cristalográfica fm-3m correspondiente a las fases FCC de estos compuestos sintetizados"

This work reports aspect related to nano-sized particles of tetragonal anatase phase Titania. This approach is simple, faster, Eco-friendly, cost effective and suitable for large scale production. X-Ray Diffraction studies analyze particles size. It is found to be 74 nm and specific surface area is 19.16m2g-1. Morphology index (MI) derived from FWHM of XRD data explains the interrelationship of particle size and specific surface area. It is observed that MI has direct relationship with particle size and an inverse relationship with specific surface area. This work throws some light on and helps in the production line of Titania nano-particles.

In submitted research; nanocrystalline powders having elements Ni 0.5Cu0.25Zn0.25Fe2- xInxO4 with varied amounts of indium (x = 0.0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3 and 0.4) were grown-up by modified citrate to nitrate alchemy. The realism of single phase cubic spinel creation of the synthesized ferrite samples was studied by the DTA-TGA, XRD, SEM, EDX, FT-IR, VSM and dielectric measurements. SEM was applied to inspect the morphological variations and EDX was used to determine the compositional mass ratios. The studies on the dielectric constant (ε′), dielectric loss (ε″), loss tangent (tan δ), ac conductivity (σac), resistive and reactive parts of the impedance analysis (Z' and Z") at room temperature were also carried out. The saturation magnetizations (Ms) were determined using the vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM). Ms. decreased with the increase In 3+ doping content, as Fe3+ of 5μB ions are replaced by In3+ of 0 μB ions. © 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

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