Biology

Enhanced biological phosphorus removal
(EBPR) from wastewater relies on the preferential selection
of active polyphosphate-accumulating organisms (PAO) in
the underlying bacterial community continuum. Efficient
management of the bacterial resource requires understanding
of population dynamics as well as availability of bioanalytical
methods for rapid and regular assessment of relative
abundances of active PAOs and their glycogen-accumulating
competitors (GAO). A systems approach was adopted here
toward the investigation of multilevel correlations from the
EBPR bioprocess to the bacterial community, metabolic, and
enzymatic levels. Two anaerobic-aerobic sequencing-batch
reactors were operated to enrich activated sludge in PAOs and
GAOs affiliating with “Candidati Accumulibacter and Competibacter
phosphates”, respectively. Bacterial selection was
optimized by dynamic control of the organic loading rate and
the anaerobic contact time. The distinct core bacteriomes
mainly comprised populations related to the classes
Betaproteobacteria, Cytophagia, and Chloroflexi in the PAO
enrichment and of Gammaproteobacteria, Alphaproteobacteria,
Acidobacteria, and Sphingobacteria in the GAO enrichment. An
anaerobic metabolic batch test based on electrical conductivity
evolution and a polyphosphatase enzymatic assay were developed for rapid and low-cost assessment of the active
PAO fraction and dephosphatation potential of activated
sludge. Linear correlations were obtained between the PAO
fraction, biomass specific rate of conductivity increase under
anaerobic conditions, and polyphosphate-hydrolyzing activity
of PAO/GAO mixtures. The correlations between PAO/
GAO ratios, metabolic activities, and conductivity profiles
were confirmed by simulations with a mathematical model
developed in the aqueous geochemistry software PHREEQC.

OSO. Origen etimológico fijado por Enrique Cabrejas, es un comunicado por el cual este etimólogo nos expone aplicando su Teoría de los Acrónimos que la denominación dada a este animal en lengua española es el fruto de un antiquísimo acrónimo ibérico. Una locución dada por nuestros antepasados ibéricos y que ha permanecido desde hace miles de años preexistente en el léxico español.

Este resumen pretende dar una visión global de los aportes de la Universidad de los Andes en el tratamiento de aguas y suelos con la presencia de compuestos de difícil degradación o tiempo de vida media prolongado, tales como fármacos (Ciclofosfamida), lodos aceitosos y derivados de la industria del petróleo (Tolueno, Xileno, Fenol) derivados de la industria textil, química y pesticidas (Bisphenol A, AMBI, Glifosato, Isoproturon y Metobromuron), usando tecnologías ya sea basadas en procesos biológicos (biorremediación y bioadsorción) o de oxidación avanzada (foto-Fenton).

This summary intends to give a global view of the Universidad de los Andes contributions related to the water and soil treatment in the presence of recalcitrant or long half-life aquatic pollutants such as drugs (Cyclophosphamide), oil sludge and petroleum (Toluene, Xylene and Phenol), textile, chemical (Bisphenol A, AMBI) and pesticides (Glyphosate, Isoproturon, and Metobromuron) industry derived products based on biological (bioremediation and bioadsortion) and advanced oxidation (Photo-Fenton) approaches.

The in vitro antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of aqueous,
methanolic and ethyl acetate extracts of Anvillea radiata (Asteraceae) were
investigated. Antibacterial activity was tested against six pathogenic strains
viz. Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 29213), Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC
6538), Bacillus subtilis (ATCC 6633), Salmonella abony (NCTC 6017),
Escherichia coli (ATCC 25922), Escherichia coli (ATCC 8739) and by
using Disc diffusion method and Minimum Inhibitory Concentrations (MIC).
Total antioxidant capacities were assessed by DPPH (1.1 diphenyl-2-
picrylhydrazyl) radical scavenging activity, ferric reducing power (FRAP)
and ABTS (2.2’-Azinobis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid)) radical
cation scavenging activity. Total phenolic contents were measured by FolinCiocalteu
assay. Among the extracts tested, methanolic extract showed
promising antibacterial activity against bacteria and reasonable antioxidant
properties, and they can therefore be potentially used as a natural additive in
food, cosmetic and pharmaceutical industries

Genetic improvement of agronomic traits related to yield performance
and adaptation to the production environments is conditioned by the presence
of phenotypic variability of the targeted characters in the plant material
subjected to selection. This research was conducted to assess the magnitude
of phenotypic variability, the heritability and the expected genetic gain of
selection of agronomic traits in 18 durum wheat (Triticum durum Desf)
varieties and segregating lines. The results showed the presence of
significant variability for the measured traits. The degree of genetic
determination had values greater than 70% for the duration of the vegetative
phase and plant height, and below 50% for yield and aboveground biomass.
The expected genetic gain ranged from 4.8% for the duration of the
vegetative phase to 45.9% for grain yield. Single-character selection
identified 6 desirable genotypes which brought increases of 14.9% in harvest
index, 3.7 g in 1000 kernel weight, 4.8% in relative water content, and
declines of 18.6% in percent cells injury, 2.1 g in yield per plant, 2.1 cm in
spike length, and 12.9 grains per spike, and a gain of 1.7 spikes associated to
8.8 g of biomass. Relatively to Bousselam, the check cultivar, the selected
lines brought a grain yield advantage ranging from 53.8 to 161.5%. This
yield gain is associated with a desirable improvement in heat stress tolerance,
and an undesirable reduction in thousand kernel weight. The study of the response of the progenies of the selected entries is interesting to identify
characters whose variation is more genetic than environmental.

LEÓN. Origen etimológico fijado por Enrique Cabrejas, es un comunicado por el cual este etimólogo nos expone aplicando su Teoría de los Acrónimos que la denominación dada a este animal en lengua española es el fruto de un antiquísimo acrónimo ibérico. Una locución dada por nuestros antepasados ibéricos y que ha permanecido desde hace miles de años preexistente en el léxico español.

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* TERIMAKASIH ATAS KUNJUNGAN ANDA *

This blog was posted by SPRING COLLEGE which has been created by Li An Phoa. Spring College is a particularly wonderful collaborative learning experience that I have participated in twice. Each time I've met people who have stayed in contact and with whom I have collaborated in various projects.

This work utilizes the lap shear test to investigate the shear strength and fracture behaviour of electroplated and reflowed Sn-Bi/Cu lead-free solder joints. Particular emphasis is given on the effects of reflow temperature on the interrelationships among the interfacial intermetallic compound (IMC) morphology, shear strength and the fracture mechanism of the solder joints. Single-lap shear specimens are prepared by joining two commercially pure Cu substrates with electroplated Sn-Bi solder of about 50 mu m thickness. The geometry of the lap shear specimen is designed to minimize the differences between far-field and actual responses of the solder. Three reflow temperatures (200, 230 and 260 degrees C) are used to investigate the effects of reflow temperature on the microstructure and shear strength of the solder. The specimens are loaded to failure at a strain rate of 4 x 10(-4)/s. Elemental mapping of the fracture surface is performed with field emission scanning electron microscope coupled with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. A reflow temperature of 200 degrees C yields prism-like interfacial IMC morphology, while higher reflow temperatures of 230 and 260 degrees C yield scallop-like interfacial IMC morphology. The shear strength and elastic energy release, U, of the solder joints increase with increasing reflow temperature. Fractographs of the failed joints suggest that the fracture mechanism is dependent on the interfacial IMC morphology, where solder joints with prism-like interfacial IMC fail within the bulk solder and solder joints with scallop-like interfacial IMC failed with a mixture of bulk and interfacial fracture.

Link to full text articles :
http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10853-015-8978-0