System Design

In next generation wireless networks (NGWNs), interference is one of the most important considerations in terms of system design, deployment, and performance. Given the ability to use the spectrum in finer granularity such as in orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA) systems, scheduling seems to be one of the most important functionalities of NGWNs. Therefore, in this study, sub-carrier collisions

Metabolic control theory applies principles of bioenergetics for the control or management of complex diseases. Since metabolism is a general process underlying all biologic phenotypes, changes in metabolism can potentially modify phenotype. Therefore, it is reasonable to assume that experimental modulation of the availability of cellular energy can potentially alter cell phenotypes and cell functions critical to tumor progression including cell division. The purpose of this study was to determine if OMX-2, a methylquinone system designed to shuttle electrons from mitochondrial complexes, was able to target mitochondria in cancer cells and trigger cell death. Using flow cytometry, cell viability assays, and ATP measurements, we found that OMX-2 differentially decreased DeltaPsim without triggering cell death. In contrast, known blockers of the Electron Transport Chain (ETC) decreased DeltaPsim and triggered cell death. When normal cells were treated with OMX-2, neither DeltaPsim or cell death was triggered. Furthermore, OMX-2 modulated intracellular ATP and decreased cell numbers of glioma cells. Cell cycle analysis indicated that OMX-2 induced a reversible cell cycle arrest in G1/S. Finally, impairment of glycolysis by 2-Deoxyglucose (2-DOG) acted synergistically with OMX-2 to trigger cell death. Overall, these results indicate that it is possible to selectively target cancer cells by decreasing DeltaPsim and induced cell cycle arrest without triggering cell death. Moreover, pharmacological approaches designed to act on both glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation can be considered as a new approach to selectively kill cancer cells.

Gene therapy to alleviate pain could appear surprising and perhaps not appropriate when opioids and other active molecules are available. However, the possibility of introducing a therapeutic protein into some targeted structures, where it would be continuously synthesised and exert its biological effect in the near vicinity of, or inside the cells, might avoid some drawbacks of "classical" drugs. Moreover, the gene-transfer techniques might improve present therapies or lead to novel ones. The recent significant and constant advances in vector systems design suggest that these techniques will be available in the near future for safe application in humans. The first experimental protocols attempting the transfer of opioid precursors genes, leading to their overexpression at the spinal level, demonstrated the feasibility and the potential interest of these approaches. Indeed, overproduction of opioid peptides in primary sensory neurones or spinal cord induced antihyperalgesic effects in various animal models of persistent pain. However, numerous other molecules involved in pain processing or associated with chronic pain have been identified and the gene-based techniques might be particularly adapted for the evaluation of the possible therapeutic interest of these new potential targets.

Biocybernetic systems utilise real-time changes in psychophysiology in order to adapt aspects of computer control and functionality, e.g. adaptive automation. This approach to system design is based upon an assumption that psychophysiological variations represent implicit fluctuations in the subjective state of the operator, e.g. mood, motivation, cognitions. A study was performed to investigate the convergent validity between psychophysiological measurement and changes in the subjective status of the individual. Thirty-five participants performed a demanding version of the Multi-Attribute Task Battery (MATB) over four consecutive 20-min blocks. A range of psychophysiological data were collected (EEG, ECG, skin conductance level (SCL), EOG, respiratory rate) and correlated with changes in subjective state as measured by the Dundee Stress State Questionnaire (DSSQ). MATB performance was stable across time-on-task; psychophysiological activity exhibited expected changes due to sustained performance. The DSSQ was analysed in terms of three subjective meta-factors: Task Engagement, Distress and Worry. Multiple regression analyses revealed that psychophysiology predicted a substantial proportion of the variance for both Task Engagement and Distress but not for the Worry meta-factor. The consequences for the development of biocybernetic systems are discussed.

Information and system security remains a serious problem world wide, costing billions of dollars in financial losses, and affecting 80 percent of large corporations and U.S. Government agencies, (Allen, et.al., 2002). Although numerous methods for designing information systems (IS) and for designing security into an IS exist, none of these methods involve an integrated approach into an overall design methodology that system builders can use to ensure security requirement are identified in requirements analysis or planning and then implemented in system design and construction. Siponen and Baskerville (2001) proposed a security design paradigm that relied on meta-notation to abstract and document integrated security requirements into IS development methods, however this method has not seemed to catch on. Siponen and Baskerville (2001) sought to improve upon the existing mainstream and integrative paradigms currently in place because both approaches have limitations that prevent the ...

This paper discusses on the development of a Location Based Services (LBS) in Malaysia. As first of its kind, it plans to take full advantage of the data provided in our National Spatial Database Infrastructure (NSDI). The system cooperates with Open Location Service (OpenLS), which is based on web service platform as it provides suitable method to gather requested information. By using an open LBS platform, different kinds of data can be obtained from different kinds of sources. The case study involves areas in Kuala Lumpur ...

1 PROBLEM Engineering can be viewed as design under constraint and uncertainty. Design, in turn, is technical innovation with vuZue added as the fundamental objective. The constraints under which software engineers seek to satisfy the value objective include scarcity of ...

.com Abstract- One of the primary responsibilities of requirement engineer is the elicitation of non-functiona l and functional requirements. Functional requirements sketch out the functionality, the system has to be performed while non-functional requirements compel the restrictions on this functionality. Software industry is raising its demand for not only the required functionality but the necessity of non­ functional requirements too

This paper presents work aimed at integrating performance evaluation into the systems design process. It considers the problem of providing a performance evaluation service to system designers that will allow practitioners from different application areas to specify the system in a level of abstraction that is readily understandable in their own particular application area, and then to use this specification to automatically generate a solution for the performance evaluation of that system. It presents the proposal for an open-systems-like architectural approach to the problem of providing these services and outlines the research issues that need to be addressed in the development of this architecture