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There has been an increase in the predominance of diabetes mellitus over the past 40 years worldwide. The worldwide occurrence of diabetes in 2000 was approximately 2.8% and is estimated to grow to 4.4% by 2030. This data interprets a projected rise of diabetes from 171 million in 2000 to well over 350 million in 2030. The presence of hypertension in diabetic patients substantially increases the risks of coronary heart disease, stroke, nephropathy and retinopathy. Indeed, when hypertension coexists with diabetes, the risk of CVD is increased by 75%, which further contributes to the overall morbidity and mortality of an already high risk population. Patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus have a considerably higher risk of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality, and are disproportionately affected by cardiovascular disease. Most of this excess risk is associated with high prevalence of well-established risk factors such as hypertension, dyslipidaemia and obesity in these patients. Hypertension plays a major role in the development and progression of microvascular and macrovascular disease in people with diabetes. Lifestyle Modifications and pharmacotherapy are the choice for the Management of Hypertension in Patients with Diabetes.
2001 •
Journal of Human Hypertension
Treatment of hypertension in patients with type 2 diabetes: a review of the recent evidence1999 •
2002 •
International Journal of Pharmaceutical Chemistry
Brief update on management of hypertension in diabetic patients2017 •
Nowadays there is increased prevalence of co-morbidity of hypertension and diabetes. Hypertension has become such a bigger health problem as it does not show any manifestation of it until it gets seriously complicated. High blood pressure is the major cause of premature deaths which comes around 7.6 million (about 13.5% of the global total) worldwide. Non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) is a global pandemic. By 2025 it is been projected that around 300 million people will have NIDDM worldwide. WHO projects that diabetes will be the 7th leading cause of death in 2030. Diabetes and Hypertension often termed as co-morbid disease as there is greater tendency of both the complication occurring together. The prevalence of hypertension among T2DM patients varies across countries and is reported to range from 20.6% to 78.4% in the Southeast Asian region, and 9.7% to 70.4% in the African region, in India it is 6.4% to 55%. To reduce the complications of diabetes in co-morbidity, ...
Diabetes is a disease that affects millions of people worldwide and is characterized by elevated levels of glucose in the blood due to its overproduction mainly by liver, and underutilization by insulin requiring organs such as liver, adipose and muscle tissues. There is, however, glucose over utilization in tissues not dependent on insulin for glucose transport like kidney, nerve and brain. Due to the excess tissue glucose there are serious complications and its reversal is important for a good metabolic control and normalization of body. Diabetes adversely affects the arteries, predisposing them to atherosclerosis, which in turn cause high blood pressure and other cardiovascular problems. If not treated, it can lead to blood vessel damage, stroke, heart failure, heart attack, or kidney failure. Diabetes comes in a variety of types with the most common being type 1 and type 2. Type 1 is an auto-immune disease resulting from an insulin deficiency; while type 2 is characterized by an insulin resistance resulting from genetic factors, poor diet, excess weight and inactivity. Compared to people with normal blood pressure, hypertensive people have an increased risk of coronary artery disease, strokes, peripheral vascular disease (hardening of the arteries in the legs and feet) and heart failure. This paper will discuss the biochemical events of these metabolic disorders and the relationship between diabetes and hypertension to understand how the intervention process for its management can be initiated in personal level.
2019 •
Hypertension and diabetes are the most frequent diseases that affect the world population, while cardiovascular morbimortality has seen some stagnation in the recent years, diabetes is on the increase both in number worldwide, but also in severity of complications. While both entities pose a significant risk, their association is by far on the long term from every point of view a serious health risk. The common denominator in this equation is atherosclerosis, which both diseases initiate, amplify and contribute to progression, but there is compelling evidence that these two when acting together increase several folds the cardiovascular risk. In this review we highlight some of the recent published work regarding the association between diabetes and hypertension with highlights on the microvascular and macrovascular complications.
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The Journal of Clinical Hypertension
ASH Position Paper: Treatment of Hypertension in Patients With Diabetes-An Update2008 •