Powerfully influenced the state of international relations in the Middle East Islamic factor.
Back in the 70s of XIX century. put forward the doctrine of pan-Islamism, which is based on the premise guiding role of Islam in secular and spiritual life of society, unity and solidarity of all members of the Muslim community, regardless of national, racial, national or social origin, need to unite all Muslims within a single state. Pan-Islamism considered opposition pan-Arabism - the movement for independence and unity of the Arab nation based on the separation of Islam from the state. Iran-Iraq war of 1980-1988 years was seen as a war between two ideologies - pan-Islamism and pan-Arabism.
2.2.1. Historical aspects
The organization "Islamic Conference" (OIC) - an international organization that brings together 57 countries that have decided to pool their efforts and resources, and to act unanimously to defend their interests and ensure the development of all Muslims in the world.
The organization was established at the first meeting of leaders of the Islamic world in Rabat (Kingdom of Morocco) September 25, 1969. This meeting -reaction Zionists attempted to burn the holy Al-Aqsa Mosque on Sept. 21, 1969 in occupied Jerusalem. Six months after this moment, in March 1970 in the city. Jeddah (Saudi Arabia) held the First Islamic Conference of Foreign Ministers. At the Conference agreed OIC Secretary General, which would ensure the cooperation of member countries. The conference defined the powers of the General Secretariat and chose the location of his temporary headquarters in Jeddah with the expectation that eventually place permanent headquarters will be Jerusalem.
Chronology of major historical events
1969 - based on the First OIC summit of Islamic leaders in 24 states, which was held in Rabat (Morocco).
1972 - signed the charter of the Conference of OIC Foreign Ministers.
1974 - OIC summit in the city. Lahore (Pakistan) was created Islamic Solidarity Fund as the center of the commissions on economic, cultural and social issues.
1979 - Egypt suspended membership in the OIC him after signing a peace treaty with Israel.
1981 - OIC Summit called for a joint struggle "for the independence of Jerusalem and the occupied territories," including economic boycott of Israel, and to cooperate with the Palestine Liberation Organization.
1984 - added Egypt to OIC membership.
1987 - OIC Summit decided that the committee Islamic world should make every effort to prevent arms sales to Iraq and Iran, demanded a conference on UN to condemnation of terrorism and the distinction between terrorism and the right to struggle for liberation.
1990 - OIC condemned the Iraqi invasion of Kuwait and demanded the withdrawal from its territory of Iraqi forces.
1991 - OIC urged the UN Security Council to take all necessary steps to Montenegro's Serbs, including military intervention, to protect Bosnian Muslims.
1993 - OIC requests the Security Council to lift the military embargo on the Bosnian Muslims and allow them to defend themselves against the Bosnian Serbs; OIC pledged assistance amounting to 80 million dollars. Muslims affected by the war in Bosnia; seven OIC member countries were ready to provide troops to UN peacekeeping actions in Bosnia.
1994 - OIC summit declared invalid military embargo on Bosnia and Herzegovina.
1995 - Minister of Foreign Affairs and Defence OIC member countries approved the creation of "auxiliary group mobilization" to provide military, economic and other assistance to Bosnia and Herzegovina.
1999 - OIC decided to provide humanitarian aid to Kosovo frames; announced the creation of the Parliamentary Union.
2000 p. - Summit OIK expressed solidarity with the Palestinian people and accused Israel of constantly violating the rights of the people of Palestine.
2003 - OIC summit in the city. Kuala Lumpur (Malaysia). It was suggested to use the oil factor as a means of pressure on countries that want to start a war against Iraq.
OIC Charter
Article II of the Constitution defined goals and objectives of the organization. They are promoting Islamic solidarity among member countries, the strengthening of cooperation between the economic, social, cultural, scientific and other relevant areas, coordination of efforts to protect the Holy Places and support the struggle of the Palestinian people in obtaining their rights and their territory.
In OIC purposes, this article stated principles to be subject to additional member countries. This equality, respect people's right to self-determination and non-interference in the internal affairs of other member states, respect for sovereignty, independence and territorial integrity of each Member State, and others.
Articles III, IV, V, VI it is the main structure of the OIC, their functions and competence. The main bodies of the Conference are:
1. The Conference of Kings and Heads of State and Government.
2. The Conference of Foreign Ministers.
3. The General Secretariat and subsidiary organs.
Article IV states that the main body is the Conference OIC kings and heads of states and governments. It meets every three years to coordinate the policies of the organization.
Article V refers to the main body of the OIC such as the Conference of Foreign Ministers. Islamic Conference should meet once a year, if necessary, at the level of Foreign Ministers or their representatives. These are also its aims, for example, developing ways of implementing the general policy of the Conference, the appointment of the Secretary-General and others. Recorded and decision-making. Resolutions and recommendations of the Conference of Ministers of Foreign Affairs must be approved by 2/3 of the votes.
Article VI dedicated status in the OIC General Secretariat, its functions and competence. It says that the General Secretariat headed by a Secretary General, appointed by the Conference of Foreign Ministers for a period of four years, renewable only once. The General Secretariat shall promote cooperation between Member States and ensure favorable conditions for consultation, exchange of experiences as well as information that has universal significance for all member countries. The headquarters of the General Secretariat is located in Jeddah.
This article is also on the Privileges and Immunities of the Secretary-General, his staff. Representatives of member states should have such rights and immunities that they need to perform the tasks of the Conference.
Article VII addresses issues of finance and membership fees. It stated that all expenses for the maintenance of the General Secretariat and member countries pay in proportion to the size of their gross national income. The Secretariat must manage finances, according to instructions approved by the Conference of Foreign Ministers. Standing Finance Committee should be established by the Conference, whose staff must be accredited representatives of the Member States. This committee should hold its meetings at the headquarters of the Secretariat, together with the Secretary Finance Committee shall prepare the budget of the Organization.
Article VIII governs membership in the organization, namely the conditions of entry to the OIC. The organization was created by the states that participated in the Conference of Kings and Heads of State and Government, held in Rabat in the two conferences of foreign ministers in Karachi, as well as states that have signed the charter of the organization. Every Muslim country can join the OIC by submitting it to the statement, showing the desire and willingness of the state to accept the charter. Depositary of such applications to the Secretariat-General until the Conference of Foreign Ministers not consider it. State the applicant becomes a member of the OIC, when accession 2/3 vote of member countries of the Conference.
(1969), Yemen (1969), Gabon (1977), Gambia (1974), Guinea (1969), Guinea (1974), Hviyana (1998), Indonesia (1969), Iran (1969), Iraq (1975) , Jordan (1969), Kazakhstan (1995), Kuwait (1969), Kyrgyzstan (1992), Ivory Coast (2002), Lebanon (1969), Libya (1969), Malaysia (1969), Maldives (1976), Mali (1969), Mauritania (1969), Morocco (1969), Mozambique (1994), Niger (1969), Nigeria (1986), Oman (1972), Pakistan (1969), Palestine (1969), Qatar (1972), Saudi Arabia (1969), Senegal (1969), Sierra Leone (1972), Somalia (1969), Sudan (1969), Suriname (1996), Syria (1972), Tajikistan (1992), Togo (1997), Tunisia (1969 ), Turkey (1969), Turkmenistan (1992), Uganda (1974), United Arab Emirates (1972), Uzbekistan (1996).
OIC Member States on the type political systems can be classified into the following:
1. theocratic state, claiming the role of the leaders of the Muslim world (Saudi Arabia, Iran).
2. States, where Islam is the state religion, but of society is regulated mostly secular laws (Algeria, Egypt, Syria).
3. Officially secular state.
Internal organization entitled 'provides for observer status in the OIC.
Observers:
Bosnia and Herzegovina - 1994, Central African Republic - 1997, the Kingdom of Thailand - 1998, Turkish Muslim community of Cyprus - 1979, the Moro National Liberation Front - 1977, the United Nations - 1976, NAM - 1977, the League of Arab States - 1975, Organization of African Unity - 1977, the Organization for European Cooperation - 1995.
Article X regulates the procedure for the release of OIC. Any edge-to Party may withdraw from the organization by submitting an application to the Secretary General. The state, which wants to withdraw from the organization, its statutory responsibilities connected to the end of the fiscal year in which its application for withdrawal was submitted to the Conference.
Article IX defines the functions of the General Secretariat of OIC: strengthening relations between the Islamic Conference and other Islamic organizations of an international character, and promoting cooperation among the member countries to realize common interests.
Article XI states that amendments can be made to the charter if they vote for the 02/03 participating countries.
Article XII entitled "interpretation." It explains "that any misunderstanding that may arise in connection with the interpretation of the statute, implementation or use of any article of the statute should be resolved by peaceful means and in all cases through consultations, negotiations, conciliation or arbitration.
The official languages of the Conference are Arabic, English and French (Article XIII).
Article XIV devoted ratification Memorandum of Association. Indicated that the statute must be ratified by member countries of the Conference in accordance with their national law and shall take effect from the date of the Secretary-General on ratification simple majority of the countries that took part in the third Islamic Conference of Foreign Ministers, held in Jeddah on February 29 March 4, 1972.
OIC Charter was registered in accordance with Article 102 of the UN Charter on Feb. 1, 1974.
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