Chemistry

: In the molten chloride electrolytes the Wien effect and the related phenomenon the dissociation field
effect are observed. The conductivity of molten magnesium and rare earth metals chlorides and their mixtures
with the alkali metals chlorides rise with increasing electrical field intensity and strive to achieve the limiting
values in the fields of the order of 1 MV/m. The field conductance quotient achieves up to the hundreds of percent.
Under influence of completed microsecond strong electrical pulses the melts manifest the transition into a
non-equilibrium state with modification of the structure and intensification of the electrochemical properties.
As a result of prolonged structural relaxation in non-equilibrium melts, their electrochemical parameters and
structure tend to restore their equilibrium values and singularities.

Raman scattering spectrain different geometries at temperatures 10 - 300 K and infrared vibrational
spectra in polarizations E||c and E⊥c for range 50 - 4000 cm-1 at 300 K were investigated for PbGa2Se crystals.
Contours of reflection spectra in polarizations E||c and E⊥c were calculated and parameters of phonons and
dielectric constants were determined. Temperature dependences of Raman spectra were investigated and
soft modes with different temperature dependences in intervals 80 - 150 and 150 - 370 K were discovered. A
group of lines attributed to Davydovmultiplets was found out and their polarization dependences temperature
changes were investigated. Effective ion charges were calculated and a polarizability of ionic charges of Pb, Ga
and S in PbGa
2S4 lattice was determined

Among heterocyclic compounds, 1,3,4-oxadiazole has become an important synthons in development of new drugs. Compounds containing
1,3,4-oxadiazole cores have a broad biological activity spectrum, including antibacterial, antifungal, analgesic, anti-inflammatory, antiviral,
anticancer, antidepressant, anticonvulsant, and anti-diabetic properties. The ability of 1,3,4-oxadiazole heterocyclic compounds to undergo
various chemical reactions has made them important because of their privileged structure, which has an enormous biological potential.
Keywords: Heterocyclic compound, 1,3,4-oxadiazoles, Biological activities.

Abstract and Introduction:
The Theory of Everything (TOE) is a mystery for most human beings up to this date. But, by believing in the well organized Quantum Mechanics Universe and knowing the principle of Quantum science, I discovered the ingredients of everything in the Universe is limited to four elements. They are Sun-hydrogen, Life-hydrogen, Space and the non-chemical element of Dark-Matter.  I did not consider Time as the part of the Universe, because Time is an intangible element. If we want to relate Time to the Universe, we can say Time is a biological element of the Universe.
I have been invited to speak as a plenary speaker at the upcoming Quantum Physics conference in Paris, France in September.  This paper will be the topic of my speech.  Your feedback or questions would be welcome.  Your recommendations would also be appreciated.

The present work describes a simple, accurate and precise Stability indicating RP-HPLC method for the estimation of
Capecitabine (CPT) in bulk and pharmaceutical formulation. The Mobile phase used was Acetonitrile: Water (60: 40v/v) with
1ml/min. flow rate and 240nm was used as a wavelength maximum. The C18 HS (250 X 4.6) mm, 5 µm column was used as a
stationary phase. The method was validated as per the ICHQ2 Guidelines. The retention time of CPT was found to be 3.3 min. A
linear response was observed in the range of 10-50 μg/mL with a regression coefficient of 0.999. The LOD and LOQ were found
to be 1.43μg/mL and 4.34μg/mL respectively. This method can be used for the determination of CPT in quality control of API
and dosage form without interference of the excipients, impurities and degradation products and hence can be used as stability
indicating assay method. CPT was subjected to degradation under different stress conditions recommended by ICH viz acid,
alkali, photolytic, dry heat and oxidative condition. The samples so generated were used for degradation studies including
degradation kinetic study using the developed method. The degradation pathway of CPT was found to be acid hydrolysis and
temperature exceeding 100°c. The degradation kinetic study shows that the acid hydrolysis, alkaline hydrolysis and oxidative
degradation of the CPT follow first order kinetic.
Keywords: Anticancer drug, Capecitabine, Degradation, Stability indicating assay method, Validation.

In this study the hydro-alcoholic extract of the plant Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers. was undertaken to evaluate the wound healing
property on Burn Wound Model and to compare the effect of the combination of hydro-alcoholic extract of Cynodon dactylon
(L.) Pers. and Silver Sulphadiazine with Silver Sulphadiazine alone. Six groups are made and each group consist of 6 animals in
it. Each animal of all the six group is inflicted with partial thickness burn wound. The group is numbered as Group I to Group VI.
The animals in Group I are taken as control where no drug is given to them. To the Group II animals’ Standard silver
sulphasalazine is given. In case of group III animals, they are subjected to hydro-alcoholic extract of Cynodon dactylon. Animals
in Group IV and Group V received pure ethanolic extract and aqueous extract respectively. In case of Group VI animal they are
treated with standard drug as well as extract. The study mainly focuses on observing parameters like period of epithelialization
and the wound contraction percentage. It is observed that the animals in the group which received both hydro alcoholic extract
and sulphadiazine showed an improved burn wound contraction. In addition to it the group IV and V shows a decreased
epithelialization period.
Keywords: Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers., Epithelialization, hydro-alcoholic extract (HAE), Silver Sulphadiazine, Wound
contraction.

The challenges in the field of chromatographic separation mainly fast and efficient separation for variety of samples has led to the
changes in particle size, improvement in packing material design, development of synthetic method has provided the possibility
of fabricating silica nanoparticle with different sizes in nanometer ranges. In present review, we have tried to show the journey of
silica particle over the years and changes in the size, surface, internal pore size and packings. Their applications especially the
mesoporous nanoparticles have also been mentioned.
Keywords: Silica, Amorphous, Crystalline, Cores shell, Hybrid, Monoliths

Epigenetic therapeutics are the new generation of chemotherapeutics for treatment of cancer, and histone deacetylase inhibitors
have been actively discovered in this category They target the biological processes including the cell cycle, apoptosis, DNA
repair, cell cycle control, autophagy, metabolism, senescence and chaperone function. Several families of histone deacetylase
(HDAC) inhibitors have been synthesized and evaluated. Their positive effects on the cell cycle have been demonstrated in
biological models and in clinical trials. Recently Food and Drug Administration has approved Vorinostat, Romidepsin and
Belinostat for oncologic indications of refractory cutaneous and peripheral T cell Lymphoma. These advances have provided the
motivation to develop more potent and selective inhibitors and target other pathologic conditions with these drugs. Major
ongoing efforts are to develop inhibition as monotherapy, rational combination with chemotherapy and other targeted drugs.
Some progress is made into developing isoform specific drugs. In this perspective, the biological functions and potential
substrates of histone deacetylase enzymes are reviewed and the characteristics of this inhibitors are discussed in respect with
anticancer activity and further therapeutic interest.
Keywords: Epigenetic therapeutics, Histone deacetylase inhibitors, Anticancer, Classification, Food and drug administration
approved drugs.

A study of the icthyofauna resources of the coastal waters of Ondo State of Nigeria conducted for 18 months (June 2011-December, 2012) revealed the presence of 67 finfish species with the clariids(especially Clarias gariepinus and Heterobranchus bidorsalis) and cichlids(especially Oreochromis niloticus and Coptodon zilli) dominating the stock accounting for 42% and 16% respectively. Other predominant families were A high 'Claroitedae'(Chrysichthys nigrodigitatus) with 9.2% contribution, 'Channidae'(Parachanna africana) with 8.7%, Osteoglossidae (Heterotis niloticus) with 7.1%, Gymnarchidae(Gymnarchus niloticus), Mugilidae (Mugil cephalus) and Clupeidae (Ethmalosa fimbriata). Lausanne Index of Abundance was 89.7% while Margalef.s index(a measure of species richness) was 5.18. The Length-weight relationships of these predominant fishes showed negative allometric growth pattern. A high level of heterogeneity of stock was observed as revealed by Simpson Index and Shannon-Weiner Index of General Diversity (H i) which were 0.13 and 0.35 respectively. A lot of similarity in species composition existed as revealed by Evenness Index(E) of 0.20 and Berger-Perker Index of 0.88. There was comparatively higher catches of fish in the dry season than the wet season probably due to reduced water volume which concentrated the fishes for easier catchability. The author recommends the need to protect the existing stock especially the monospecific families like the Osteoglosidae and Gymnarchidae through regular monitoring of the physicochemical parameters of the coastal waters which are highly susceptible to crude oil pollution, Ondo State being a crude oil-producing area. More funds should be committed by the government to researches on population dynamics and biomass estimate of our coastal waters.

A rapid, highly efficient and mild green synthesis of benzoin was performed using substituted benzaldehyde catalyzed by KCN and imidazolium salts in EtOH/H 2 O under ultrasonic activation. The products were obtained in good yields within short reaction times with N,N 0-dialkylimidazolium salts, which were found to be more effective pre-catalysts at room temperature for benzoin condensation in comparison to corresponding cyanide ion in heating method. This simple method affords benzoin derivatives at room temperature in short reaction times with high yield and purity.

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