Convention on the Prohibition of the Development, Production and Stockpiling of Bacteriological (Biological) and Toxin Weapons and on Their Destruction

Opened for signature at London, Moscow and Washington: 10 April 1972

Entered into force: 26 March 1975

Depositary Governments: Russian Federation, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland and United States of America

State	Signature		Deposit		Deposit Type
Afghanistan	10 April 1972 10 April 1972 10 April 1972	London Moscow Washington	26 March 1975	London	Ratification
Albania			3 June 1992 11 August 1992 26 March 1993	Washington London Moscow	Accession Accession Accession
Algeria			28 September 2001	Washington	Accession
Andorra			2 March 2015	Washington	Accession
Angola			26 July 2016	Washington	Accession
Antigua and Barbuda			29 January 2003	London	Accession
Argentina	1 August 1972 3 August 1972 7 August 1972	Moscow London Washington	27 November 1979 5 December 1979 27 December 1979	Washington London Moscow	Ratification Ratification Ratification
Armenia			7 June 1994 7 June 1994	Moscow Washington	Accession Accession
Australia	10 April 1972 10 April 1972 10 April 1972	London Moscow Washington	5 October 1977 5 October 1977 * 5 October 1977	London Moscow Washington	Ratification Ratification Ratification
Austria	10 April 1972 10 April 1972 10 April 1972	London Moscow Washington	10 August 1973 * 10 August 1973 * 10 August 1973 *	London Moscow Washington	Ratification Ratification Ratification
Azerbaijan			26 February 2004 26 February 2004	Moscow Washington	Accession Accession
Bahamas			26 November 1986	London	Accession
Bahrain			28 October 1988 *	London	Accession
Bangladesh			11 March 1985 12 March 1985 13 March 1985	Moscow Washington London	Accession Accession Accession
Barbados	16 February 1973	Washington	16 February 1973	Washington	Ratification
Belarus	10 April 1972	Moscow	26 March 1975	Moscow	Ratification
Belgium	10 April 1972 10 April 1972 10 April 1972	London Moscow Washington	15 March 1979 15 March 1979 15 March 1979	London Moscow Washington	Ratification Ratification Ratification
Belize			20 October 1986 25 November 1986 13 January 1987 *	London Washington Moscow	Succession Accession Accession
Benin	10 April 1972	Washington	25 April 1975	Washington	Ratification
Bhutan			8 June 1978	Washington	Accession
Bolivia (Plurinational State of)	10 April 1972	Washington	30 October 1975	Washington	Ratification
Bosnia and Herzegovina			15 August 1994 *	Washington	Succession
Botswana	10 April 1972	Washington	5 February 1992	Washington	Ratification
Brazil	10 April 1972 10 April 1972 10 April 1972	London Moscow Washington	27 February 1973 27 February 1973 27 February 1973	London Moscow Washington	Ratification Ratification Ratification
Brunei Darussalam			31 January 1991	London	Accession
Bulgaria	10 April 1972 10 April 1972 10 April 1972	London Moscow Washington	2 August 1972 13 September 1972 19 September 1972	London Washington Moscow	Ratification Ratification Ratification
Burkina Faso			17 April 1991	Washington	Accession
Burundi	10 April 1972 10 April 1972	Moscow Washington	18 October 2011	London	Ratification
Cabo Verde			20 October 1977	Moscow	Accession
Cambodia	10 April 1972	Washington	9 March 1983	Washington	Ratification
Cameroon			18 January 2013	Washington	Accession
Canada	10 April 1972 10 April 1972 10 April 1972	London Moscow Washington	18 September 1972 18 September 1972 18 September 1972	London Moscow Washington	Ratification Ratification Ratification
Central African Republic	10 April 1972	Washington	25 September 2018	Washington	Ratification
Chile	10 April 1972 10 April 1972 10 April 1972	London Moscow Washington	22 April 1980	London	Ratification
China			15 November 1984 * 15 November 1984 * 15 November 1984 *	London Moscow Washington	Accession Accession Accession
Colombia	10 April 1972	Washington	19 December 1983	Washington	Ratification
Congo			23 October 1978	Washington	Accession
Cook Islands			4 December 2008	London	Accession
Costa Rica	10 April 1972	Washington	17 December 1973	Washington	Ratification
Côte d'Ivoire	23 May 1972	Washington	23 March 2016 26 April 2016 *	Moscow London	Ratification Ratification
Croatia			28 April 1993 *	Washington	Succession
Cuba	12 April 1972	Moscow	21 April 1976	Moscow	Ratification
Cyprus	10 April 1972 10 April 1972 14 April 1972	London Washington Moscow	6 November 1973 13 November 1973 21 November 1973	London Washington Moscow	Ratification Ratification Ratification
Czech Republic			5 April 1993 * 9 April 1993 29 September 1993 *	London Moscow Washington	Succession Succession Succession
Democratic People's Republic of Korea			13 March 1987	Moscow	Accession
Democratic Republic of the Congo	10 April 1972 10 April 1972	Moscow Washington	16 September 1975 28 January 1977	London Washington	Ratification Ratification
Denmark	10 April 1972 10 April 1972 10 April 1972	London Moscow Washington	1 March 1973 1 March 1973 1 March 1973	London Moscow Washington	Ratification Ratification Ratification
Dominica			1 August 2016 *	London	Succession
Dominican Republic	10 April 1972	Washington	23 February 1973	Washington	Ratification
Ecuador	14 June 1972	Washington	12 March 1975	Washington	Ratification
Egypt	10 April 1972 10 April 1972	London Moscow
El Salvador	10 April 1972	Washington	31 December 1991	Washington	Ratification
Equatorial Guinea			16 January 1989 29 July 1992	Moscow Washington	Accession Accession
Estonia			21 June 1993 1 July 1993	Washington Moscow	Accession Accession
Eswatini			18 June 1991	London	Accession
Ethiopia	10 April 1972 10 April 1972 10 April 1972	London Moscow Washington	26 May 1975 26 May 1975 26 June 1975	London Moscow Washington	Ratification Ratification Ratification
Fiji	22 February 1973 *	London	4 September 1973 1 October 1973 5 October 1973	Washington London Moscow	Ratification Ratification Ratification
Finland	10 April 1972 10 April 1972 10 April 1972	London Moscow Washington	4 February 1974 4 February 1974 4 February 1974	London Moscow Washington	Ratification Ratification Ratification
France			27 September 1984 27 September 1984 27 September 1984	London Moscow Washington	Accession Accession Accession
Gabon	10 April 1972	London	16 August 2007	Washington	Ratification
Gambia	2 June 1972 8 August 1972 9 November 1972	Moscow London Washington	7 May 1997 10 June 1997 1 August 1997	London Moscow Washington	Ratification Ratification Ratification
Georgia			22 May 1996 22 May 1996	London Moscow	Accession Accession
Germany	10 April 1972 10 April 1972 10 April 1972	London Moscow Washington	7 April 1983 * 7 April 1983	London Washington	Ratification Ratification
Ghana	10 April 1972 10 April 1972	Moscow Washington	6 June 1975	London	Ratification
Greece	10 April 1972 12 April 1972 14 April 1972	London Washington Moscow	10 December 1975	Washington	Ratification
Grenada			22 October 1986	London	Accession
Guatemala	9 May 1972	Washington	19 September 1973	Washington	Ratification
Guinea			9 November 2016	London	Accession
Guinea-Bissau			20 August 1976	Moscow	Accession
Guyana	3 January 1973	Washington	26 March 2013	Washington	Ratification
Haiti	10 April 1972	Washington
Holy See			7 January 2002 *	Washington	Accession
Honduras	10 April 1972	Washington	14 March 1979	Washington	Ratification
Hungary	10 April 1972 10 April 1972 10 April 1972	London Moscow Washington	27 December 1972 27 December 1972 27 December 1972	London Moscow Washington	Ratification Ratification Ratification
Iceland	10 April 1972 10 April 1972 10 April 1972	London Moscow Washington	15 February 1973 15 February 1973 15 February 1973	London Moscow Washington	Ratification Ratification Ratification
India	15 January 1973 * 15 January 1973 * 15 January 1973 *	London Moscow Washington	15 July 1974 15 July 1974 * 15 July 1974	London Moscow Washington	Ratification Ratification Ratification
Indonesia	20 June 1972 20 June 1972 21 June 1972	Moscow Washington London	4 February 1992 19 February 1992 1 April 1992	Moscow London Washington	Ratification Ratification Ratification
Iran (Islamic Republic of)	10 April 1972 10 April 1972 16 November 1972	Moscow Washington London	22 August 1973 22 August 1973 27 August 1973	London Washington Moscow	Ratification Ratification Ratification
Iraq	11 May 1972	Moscow	19 June 1991	Moscow	Ratification
Ireland	10 April 1972 10 April 1972 *	London Washington	27 October 1972 * 27 October 1972	London Washington	Ratification Ratification
Italy	10 April 1972 10 April 1972 10 April 1972	London Moscow Washington	30 May 1975 30 May 1975 30 May 1975	London Moscow Washington	Ratification Ratification Ratification
Jamaica			13 August 1975	London	Accession
Japan	10 April 1972 10 April 1972 10 April 1972	London Moscow Washington	8 June 1982 18 June 1982 18 June 1982	Washington London Moscow	Ratification Ratification Ratification
Jordan	10 April 1972 17 April 1972 24 April 1972	Washington London Moscow	30 May 1975 2 June 1975 27 June 1975	Moscow Washington London	Ratification Ratification Ratification
Kazakhstan			15 June 2007	Moscow	Accession
Kenya			7 January 1976	London	Accession
Kuwait	14 April 1972 14 April 1972 27 April 1972	Moscow Washington London	18 July 1972 * 26 July 1972 * 1 August 1972 *	Washington London Moscow	Ratification Ratification Ratification
Kyrgyzstan			15 October 2004	Moscow	Accession
Lao People's Democratic Republic	10 April 1972 10 April 1972 10 April 1972	London Moscow Washington	20 March 1973 22 March 1973 25 April 1973	Moscow Washington London	Ratification Ratification Ratification
Latvia			6 February 1997	London	Accession
Lebanon	10 April 1972 10 April 1972 21 April 1972	London Washington Moscow	26 March 1975 2 April 1975 13 June 1975	London Moscow Washington	Ratification Ratification Ratification
Lesotho	10 April 1972	Washington	6 September 1977	London	Ratification
Liberia	10 April 1972 14 April 1972	Washington London	4 November 2016	Washington	Ratification
Libya	10 April 1972	Moscow	19 January 1982	Moscow	Ratification
Liechtenstein			30 May 1991 31 May 1991 6 June 1991	Washington Moscow London	Accession Accession Accession
Lithuania			10 February 1998	London	Accession
Luxembourg	10 April 1972 10 April 1972 12 April 1972	London Moscow Washington	23 March 1976 23 March 1976 23 March 1976	London Moscow Washington	Ratification Ratification Ratification
Madagascar	13 October 1972	London	7 March 2008 7 March 2008	Moscow Washington	Ratification Ratification
Malawi	10 April 1972	Washington	2 April 2013	Washington	Ratification
Malaysia	10 April 1972 10 April 1972 10 April 1972	London Moscow Washington	6 September 1991 * 6 September 1991 * 26 September 1991 *	London Moscow Washington	Ratification Ratification Ratification
Maldives			2 August 1993	Moscow	Accession
Mali	10 April 1972	Washington	25 November 2002	Washington	Ratification
Malta	11 September 1972	London	7 April 1975	London	Ratification
Marshall Islands			15 November 2012	Washington	Accession
Mauritania			28 January 2015	London	Accession
Mauritius	10 April 1972	Washington	7 August 1972 11 January 1973 15 January 1973	Washington London Moscow	Ratification Ratification Ratification
Mexico	10 April 1972 * 10 April 1972 * 10 April 1972 *	London Moscow Washington	8 April 1974 8 April 1974 * 8 April 1974	London Moscow Washington	Ratification Ratification Ratification
Monaco			30 April 1999	London	Accession
Mongolia	10 April 1972 10 April 1972 10 April 1972	London Moscow Washington	5 September 1972 14 September 1972 20 October 1972	Washington London Moscow	Ratification Ratification Ratification
Montenegro			3 June 2006 * 12 December 2006 *	Moscow London	Succession Succession
Morocco	2 May 1972 3 May 1972 5 June 1972	London Washington Moscow	21 March 2002	London	Ratification
Mozambique			29 March 2011	London	Accession
Myanmar	10 April 1972 10 April 1972 10 April 1972	London Moscow Washington	1 December 2014 1 December 2014 1 December 2014	London Moscow Washington	Ratification Ratification Ratification
Nauru			5 March 2013	Washington	Accession
Nepal	10 April 1972 10 April 1972 10 April 1972	London Moscow Washington	4 November 2016 4 November 2016 11 November 2016	London Washington Moscow	Ratification Ratification Ratification
Netherlands	10 April 1972 10 April 1972 10 April 1972	London Moscow Washington	22 June 1981 * 22 June 1981 22 June 1981 *	London Moscow Washington	Ratification Ratification Ratification
New Zealand	10 April 1972 10 April 1972 10 April 1972	London Moscow Washington	13 December 1972 * 18 December 1972 10 January 1973	Washington London Moscow	Ratification Ratification Ratification
Nicaragua	10 April 1972 10 April 1972	London Washington	7 August 1975	Washington	Ratification
Niger	21 April 1972	Washington	23 June 1972	Washington	Ratification
Nigeria	3 July 1972 10 July 1972 6 December 1972	Moscow London Washington	3 July 1973 9 July 1973 20 July 1973	Washington London Moscow	Ratification Ratification Ratification
Niue			14 June 2018	Washington	Accession
North Macedonia			26 December 1996 * 14 March 1997 * 23 April 1997 *	Moscow London Washington	Succession Succession Succession
Norway	10 April 1972 10 April 1972 10 April 1972	London Moscow Washington	1 August 1973 1 August 1973 23 August 1973	London Washington Moscow	Ratification Ratification Ratification
Oman			31 March 1992	Washington	Accession
Pakistan	10 April 1972 10 April 1972 10 April 1972	London Moscow Washington	25 September 1974 3 October 1974 3 October 1974	Moscow London Washington	Ratification Ratification Ratification
Palau			20 February 2003	Washington	Accession
Panama	2 May 1972	Washington	20 March 1974	Washington	Ratification
Papua New Guinea			27 October 1980 13 November 1980 16 March 1981	London Moscow Washington	Accession Accession Accession
Paraguay			9 June 1976	Washington	Accession
Peru	10 April 1972 10 April 1972 10 April 1972	London Moscow Washington	5 June 1985 5 June 1985 11 June 1985	London Moscow Washington	Ratification Ratification Ratification
Philippines	10 April 1972 10 April 1972 21 June 1972	London Washington Moscow	21 May 1973	Washington	Ratification
Poland	10 April 1972 10 April 1972 10 April 1972	London Moscow Washington	25 January 1973 25 January 1973 25 January 1973	London Moscow Washington	Ratification Ratification Ratification
Portugal	29 June 1972	Washington	15 May 1975 15 May 1975 15 May 1975	London Moscow Washington	Ratification Ratification Ratification
Qatar	14 November 1972	London	17 April 1975	London	Ratification
Republic of Korea	10 April 1972 * 10 April 1972	London Washington	25 June 1987 25 June 1987	London Washington	Ratification Ratification
Republic of Moldova			28 January 2005 * 28 January 2005 *	Moscow Washington	Accession Accession
Romania	10 April 1972 10 April 1972 10 April 1972	London Moscow Washington	25 July 1979 26 July 1979 27 July 1979	Washington London Moscow	Ratification Ratification Ratification
Russian Federation	10 April 1972 10 April 1972 10 April 1972	London Moscow Washington	26 March 1975 26 March 1975 * 26 March 1975 *	London Moscow Washington	Ratification Ratification Ratification
Rwanda	10 April 1972 10 April 1972	Moscow Washington	20 May 1975 20 May 1975 20 May 1975	London Moscow Washington	Ratification Ratification Ratification
Saint Kitts and Nevis			2 April 1991	London	Accession
Saint Lucia			26 November 1986	London	Succession
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines			13 May 1999	London	Succession
Samoa			21 September 2017	Washington	Accession
San Marino	12 September 1972 30 January 1973 21 March 1973	Washington Moscow London	11 March 1975 17 March 1975 27 March 1975	London Washington Moscow	Ratification Ratification Ratification
Sao Tome and Principe			24 August 1979	Moscow	Accession
Saudi Arabia	12 April 1972	Washington	24 May 1972	Washington	Ratification
Senegal	10 April 1972	Washington	26 March 1975	Washington	Ratification
Serbia			27 April 1992 * 5 June 2001 * 13 June 2001 *	Moscow Washington London	Succession Succession Succession
Seychelles			11 October 1979 16 October 1979 24 October 1979	London Washington Moscow	Accession Accession Accession
Sierra Leone	7 November 1972 24 November 1972	Washington London	29 June 1976 29 June 1976 29 June 1976	London Moscow Washington	Ratification Ratification Ratification
Singapore	19 June 1972 19 June 1972 19 June 1972	London Moscow Washington	2 December 1975 2 December 1975 2 December 1975	London Moscow Washington	Ratification Ratification Ratification
Slovakia			1 January 1993 * 17 May 1993 * 10 June 1993 *	Moscow London Washington	Succession Succession Succession
Slovenia			7 April 1992 7 April 1992 * 20 August 1992 *	London Moscow Washington	Succession Succession Succession
Solomon Islands			17 June 1981	London	Succession
Somalia	3 July 1972	Moscow
South Africa	10 April 1972	Washington	3 November 1975	Washington	Ratification
Spain	10 April 1972 10 April 1972	London Washington	20 June 1979 20 June 1979	London Washington	Ratification Ratification
Sri Lanka	10 April 1972 10 April 1972 10 April 1972	London Moscow Washington	18 November 1976 18 November 1986 18 November 1986	London Moscow Washington	Ratification Ratification Ratification
State of Palestine			9 January 2018 9 January 2018	London Moscow	Accession Accession
Sudan			17 October 2003 20 October 2003 7 November 2003	London Moscow Washington	Accession Accession Accession
Suriname			6 January 1993 9 April 1993 6 January 1996	Moscow Washington London	Accession Accession Accession
Sweden	27 February 1974 27 February 1975 27 February 1975	Moscow London Washington	5 February 1976 5 February 1976 5 February 1976	London Moscow Washington	Ratification Ratification Ratification
Switzerland	10 April 1972 * 10 April 1972 10 April 1972 *	London Moscow Washington	4 May 1976 4 May 1976 * 4 May 1976 *	London Moscow Washington	Ratification Ratification Ratification
Syrian Arab Republic	14 April 1972	Moscow
Tajikistan			27 June 2005	Moscow	Accession
Thailand	17 January 1973	Washington	28 May 1975	Washington	Ratification
Timor-Leste			5 May 2003	Washington	Accession
Togo	10 April 1972	Washington	10 November 1976	Washington	Ratification
Tonga			28 September 1976	London	Accession
Trinidad and Tobago			19 July 2007	London	Accession
Tunisia	10 April 1972 10 April 1972 10 April 1972	London Moscow Washington	18 May 1973 30 May 1973 6 June 1973	Washington Moscow London	Ratification Ratification Ratification
Turkey	10 April 1972 10 April 1972 10 April 1972	London Moscow Washington	25 October 1974 4 November 1974 5 November 1974	Moscow London Washington	Ratification Ratification Ratification
Turkmenistan			11 January 1996 8 March 1996	Moscow Washington	Accession Accession
Uganda			12 May 1992	Washington	Accession
Ukraine	10 April 1972	Moscow	26 March 1975	Moscow	Ratification
United Arab Emirates	28 September 1972	London	19 June 2008	London	Ratification
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland	10 April 1972 10 April 1972 10 April 1972	London Moscow Washington	26 March 1975 * 26 March 1975 * 26 March 1975 *	London Moscow Washington	Ratification Ratification Ratification
United Republic of Tanzania	16 August 1972	London	14 August 2019	London	Ratification
United States of America	10 April 1972 10 April 1972 10 April 1972	London Moscow Washington	26 March 1975 26 March 1975 26 March 1975	London Moscow Washington	Ratification Ratification Ratification
Uruguay			6 April 1981	Washington	Accession
Uzbekistan			26 January 1996	Moscow	Accession
Vanuatu			6 September 2016 *	London	Succession
Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of)	10 April 1972	Washington	18 October 1978 * 18 October 1978 18 October 1978	London Moscow Washington	Ratification Ratification Ratification
Viet Nam	10 April 1972 *	Moscow	20 June 1980	Moscow	Ratification
Yemen	26 April 1972 10 May 1972	Moscow London	1 June 1979	Moscow	Ratification
Zambia			15 January 2008	London	Accession
Zimbabwe			5 November 1990	London	Accession

* A note, statement, declaration, or reservation, is attached to the signature or depository action. Click on the action date to view the details.

Glossary of treaty-related terms

Number of Signatory States:	109
Number of States Parties:	183

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