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Pakistan journal of language
The English language in Pakistan: a brief overview of its history and linguistics2003 •
Pakistan, with its 18 million English users, is the third largest English using Asian country in Outer Circle . However, there remains a paucity of study on Pakistani English in general and on its pronunciation patterns in particular. This paper investigates major English pronunciation patterns of adult speakers of different regional languages, living in Karachi and studying at university, and recommends teaching priorities. With the linear segmentation approach and techniques employed by Jenkins (2000), Trudgill (1983), Labov (1966) and Wells (1997), 4000 utterances of 20 university students of 19-23 years were analysed, in an attempt to describe those aspects of pronunciation which could be prioritized in teaching English to adults, keeping in mind the linguistic and sociolinguistic needs. Diphthongs, consonant clusters, and simplification of syllables are some findings. It was also explored how shifts of voice and lengths of a vowel could make English difficult to understand.
The aim of this paper is to offer a comparative study of the consonant system of Pakistani Standard English (PSE) and British Standard English (BSE). Although some studies have been conducted on the Pakistani English Phonology, in which consonant system of PE is briefly described, there is a need to analyse it more accurately. The sample for the study is taken from twenty participants (ten male and ten female), who were enrolled for MPhil/PhD English degree and were teaching English Language at International Islamic University, Islamabad. They were recorded while reading list of 178 words which is later transcribed. For the BSE, data was collected from ‘Oxford Talking Dictionary’. Both varieties were compared to find out the similarities and differences. The differences at different levels were described in different sections and illustrated with the help of graphs. The result shows that there are many inventorial, realizational, incidental and distributional differences in the consonant system of the two varieties.
Journal of Language Identity and Education
The Muslim Response to English in South Asia: With Special Reference to Inequality, Intolerance, and Militancy in Pakistan2005 •
This chapter traces out the development of English in Pakistan with reference to its use in education, media and society in general. One of the functions of English in Pakistan is to serve as a class-marker since it carries social capital. It is still used in the official domains of power such as higher administration, judiciary, military and education. Thus it is acquired at great expense by the lower middle and middle classes. However, it also serves as a tool for upward social moblization.
Abstract The present research uses multidimensional analysis to explore new discourse styles in Pakistani Fiction in English. ‘Corpus Stylistics’ approach with the help of corpora and computational techniques has helped in exploring the new discourse styles in Pakistani Fiction in English. Previous quantitative studies conducted on Pakistani Fiction in English in general have rarely studied the full set of core linguistic features. The present study is pioneering in nature and has compiled a large special purpose corpus of Pakistani Fiction in English corpus based on substantial collection of novels and short stories. Statistical factor analysis has been applied taking into account the full set of core lexico-grammatical features used in Pakistani Fictionalized writing. Drawing on the data from the large special purpose corpora of Pakistani Fiction in English, the present research identifies new discourse styles and labelled them as: ‘Expression of Thought vs. descriptive discourse production’, ‘Context-oriented Discourse’ ‘,Concrete Action discourse vs. Abstract Exposition’, ‘Narrative vs. Dialogic Discourse’.
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