Styles of address

His Majesty King Charles III, King of Canada

One can also refer to "His Majesty The King" or "The King."

To write to The King:

His Majesty The King
Buckingham Palace
London  SW1A 1AA
United Kingdom

Note: Although “King Charles” may be heard informally, this is not used officially.

Her Majesty The Queen Consort

One can also refer to “The Queen Consort.”

To write to The Queen Consort:

Her Majesty The Queen Consort
Buckingham Palace
London  SW1A 1AA
United Kingdom

Note: As the former Camilla Rosemary Shand, later Parker Bowles, “Queen Camilla”, “Camilla, the Queen Consort”, and “Camilla” may be heard informally, but are not used officially.

His Royal Highness The Prince of Wales

One can also refer to “The Prince of Wales.”

To write to The Prince of Wales:

His Royal Highness The Prince of Wales
Clarence House
London  SW1A 1BA
United Kingdom

Note: Although “Prince William” and “William, Prince of Wales” are often heard informally, they are not used officially.

Her Royal Highness The Princess of Wales

One can also refer to “The Princess of Wales”

To write to The Princess of Wales:

Her Royal Highness The Princess of Wales
Clarence House
London  SW1A 1BA
United Kingdom

Note: As the former Catherine Middleton, “Princess Catherine/Kate,” “Catherine, Princess of Wales,” “Catherine” and “Kate” may be heard informally, but are not used officially.

His Royal Highness The Duke of Sussex

One can also refer to “The Duke of Sussex”

To write to The Duke of Sussex:

His Royal Highness The Duke of Sussex
Clarence House
London  SW1A 1BA
United Kingdom

Note 1: Although “Prince Harry” and “Harry, Duke of Sussex” may be heard informally, they are not used officially.

Note 2: Although the Duke of Sussex is no longer a working member of the Royal family and no longer actively uses the title “His Royal Highness”, he retains the prefix in a formal context, as agreed with Queen Elizabeth II.

Sir:

Note: As the Duke of Sussex no longer actively uses the title “His Royal Highness”, it is not used in written salutations.

“Sir”

Note: As the Duke of Sussex no longer actively uses the title “His Royal Highness”, it is not used in spoken greetings.

Her Royal Highness The Duchess of Sussex

One can also refer to “The Duchess of Sussex”

To write to The Duchess of Sussex:

Her Royal Highness The Duchess of Sussex
Clarence House
London  SW1A 1BA
United Kingdom

Note 1: As the former Meghan Markle, “Princess Meghan”, “Meghan, Duchess of Sussex” or “Meghan” may be heard informally, but are not used officially.

Note 2: Although the Duchess of Sussex is no longer a working member of the Royal family and no longer actively uses the title “Her Royal Highness”, she retains the prefix in a formal context, as agreed with Queen Elizabeth II.

Ma’am:

Note: As the Duchess of Sussex no longer actively uses the title “Her Royal Highness”, it is not used in written salutations.

“Ma’am”

Note: As the Duchess of Sussex no longer actively uses the title “Her Royal Highness”, it is not used in spoken greetings.

His Royal Highness The Duke of York

One can also refer to “The Duke of York”

To write to The Duke of York:

His Royal Highness The Duke of York
Buckingham Palace
London  SW1A 1AA
United Kingdom

Note 1: Although “Prince Andrew” and “Andrew, Duke of York” may be heard informally, they are not used officially.

Note 2: Although the Duke of York is no longer a working member of the Royal family and no longer actively uses the title “His Royal Highness”, he retains the prefix in a formal context, as agreed with Queen Elizabeth II.

Sir:

Note: As the Duke of York no longer actively uses the title “His Royal Highness”, it is not used in written salutations.

"Sir"

Note: As the Duke of York no longer actively uses the title “His Royal Highness”, it is not used in spoken greetings.

His Royal Highness The Duke of Edinburgh

One can also refer to “The Duke of Edinburgh”

To write to The Duke of Edinburgh:

His Royal Highness The Duke of Edinburgh
Bagshot Park
Bagshot, Surrey GU19 5PL
United Kingdom

Note: Although “Prince Edward” and “Edward, Duke of Edinburgh” may be heard informally, they are not used officially.

Her Royal Highness The Duchess of Edinburgh

One can also refer to “The Duchess of Edinburgh”

To write to The Duchess of Edinburgh:

Her Royal Highness The Duchess of Edinburgh
Bagshot Park
Bagshot, Surrey GU19 5PL
United Kingdom

Note: As the former Sophie Rhys-Jones, “Sophie, Duchess of Edinburgh” may be heard informally, but is not used officially.

Her Royal Highness The Princess Royal

One can also refer to “The Princess Royal”

To write to The Princess Royal:

Her Royal Highness The Princess Royal
Buckingham Palace
London  SW1A 1AA
United Kingdom

Note: Although “Princess Anne” and “Anne, The Princess Royal” may be heard informally, they are not used officially.

His or Her Excellency the Right Honourable (full name), C.C., C.M.M., C.O.M, C.D.

Governor General of Canada

Rideau Hall
1 Sussex Drive
Ottawa, ON
K1A 0A1

Note 1: The Governor General may have other post-nominal letters, such as P.C., K.C.

Note 2: The Governor General of Canada has the title "The Right Honourable" for life; the courtesy title "His or Her Excellency" is used only while in office.

His or Her Excellency (full name), C.C.

Rideau Hall
1 Sussex Drive
Ottawa, ON
K1A 0A1

Note: The courtesy title “His or Her Excellency” is used only while the Governor General is in office.

Excellency:

OR

Dear Mr./Mrs./Ms./Mx. (surname):

The Right Honourable (full name), C.C., C.M.M., C.D.

Note: A former Governor General may have other post-nominal letters, such as P.C., K.C.

The Right Honourable (full name), P.C., M.P.
Prime Minister of Canada

Office of the Prime Minister
80 Wellington Street
Ottawa, ON
K1A 0A2

Note 1: The Prime Minister may have other post-nominal letters, such as K.C.

Note 2: The Prime Minister of Canada has the title "The Right Honourable" for life.

Dear Prime Minister: or Prime Minister:

Note: While the term “Mr. Prime Minister” or "Madam Prime Minister" is often heard informally, it is not used officially.

The Right Honourable (full name), P.C.

Note: A former Prime Minister may have other post-nominal letters, such as K.C.

The Right Honourable (full name), P.C.,
Chief Justice of Canada

Supreme Court of Canada
Ottawa, ON
K1A 0J1

Note: The Chief Justice of the Supreme Court has the title "The Right Honourable" for life.

The Honourable (full name)
Judge of the (court) of Canada

Note: Judges of the Supreme and Federal courts have the title "The Honourable" only while in office.

Dear Mr./Madam Justice (surname):

OR

Dear Justice (surname):

For a cabinet minister who is a member of the House of Commons^{Footnote 4}:

The Honourable (full name), P.C., M.P.
Minister of (department)

House of Commons
Ottawa, ON
K1A 0A6

Dear Minister:

OR

Dear Colleague: (between colleagues)

For a cabinet minister who is a Senator^{Footnote 4}:

Senator the Honourable (full name), P.C.
Minister of (department)

The Senate
Ottawa, ON
K1A 0A4

Dear Minister:

OR

Dear Colleague: (between colleagues)

For a cabinet minister who is a minister of State^{Footnote 4}:

The Honourable (full name), P.C., M.P.
Minister of State (portfolio)

House of Commons
Ottawa, ON
K1A 0A6

Dear Minister of State:

OR

Dear Colleague: (between colleagues)

The Honourable (full name), Senator
Speaker of the Senate

The Senate
Ottawa, ON
K1A 0A4

Note: Speakers of the Senate have the title “The Honourable” for life. A senator who is a member of the Canadian Privy Council is referred to as "Senator the Honourable (full name), P.C."

Dear Mr. Speaker:

OR

Dear Madam Speaker:

OR

Dear Speaker:

The Honourable (full name), M.P.

Speaker of the House of Commons

House of Commons
Ottawa, ON
K1A 0A6

Note: Speakers of the House of Commons have the title "The Honourable" only while in office. However, a Speaker of the House of Commons who is a member of the Canadian Privy Council has the title “The Honourable” for life and uses the initials "P.C." after their name.

Dear Mr. Speaker:

OR

Dear Madam Speaker:

OR

Dear Speaker:

The Honourable (full name), Senator

The Senate
Ottawa, ON
K1A 0A4

Note: Senators have the title “The Honourable” for life. A senator who is a member of the Canadian Privy Council is referred to as "Senator the Honourable (full name), P.C."

Note 2: After retirement, the title ‘Senator’ should no longer be used. Written and spoken greetings become "Mr./Mrs./Ms./Mx. (surname)".

Mr./Mrs./Ms./Mx. (full name), M.P. or The Honourable (full name), P.C., M.P.

House of Commons
Ottawa, ON
K1A 0A6

Note: Members of the House of Commons use the post-nominal letters M.P.

Members of the House of Commons who are members of the Canadian Privy Council have the title "The Honourable" for life and use the initials "P.C., M.P." after their name.

Mr./Mrs./Ms./Mx. (full name)
Ambassador of Canada to (country) or High Commissioner for Canada to (country)

Note: When addressed by a Canadian citizen, whether in Canada or abroad, the form used is simply Ambassador or High Commissioner.

The title "Excellency" is only used by the government and the citizens of the country to which the person is accredited.

National Chief (full name)

55 Metcalfe Street, Suite 1600
Ottawa, Ontario
K1P 6L5

Angajuqqaaq^{Footnote 6} (full name), National Inuit Leader

75 Albert Street, Suite 1101
Ottawa, Ontario
K1P 5E7

President (full name)

#4 – 340, MacLaren Street
Ottawa, Ontario
K2P 0M6

His or Her Honour the Honourable (full name)
Lieutenant Governor of (province)

Note: The Lieutenant Governor of a province has the title "Honourable" for life; the courtesy title "His Honour" or "Her Honour" is used only while in office.

Your Honour:

OR

Dear Lieutenant Governor:

His or Her Honour (full name)

Note: The courtesy title "His Honour" or "Her Honour" is used only while the Lieutenant Governor is in office.

Your Honour:

OR

Dear Mr./Mrs./Ms./Mx. (surname):

The Honourable (full name)
Commissioner of (territory)

Note: The Commissioner of a territory has the title "Honourable" only while in office.

The Honourable (full name),
M.L.A. (or M.P.P./M.H.A.)
Premier of (province or territory)

M.L.A. applies to all provinces and territories except for:

• Ontario (M.P.P.)
• Quebec (M.N.A.)
• Newfoundland (M.H.A.)

Note: A provincial or territorial Premier does not retain the title "Honourable" after tenure of office unless he or she is a member of the Privy Council. In this case, the letters P.C. are also used after his or her name.

Dear Premier:

Note: While the term “Mr. Premier” or “Madam Premier” is often heard informally, it is not used officially.

(Full name), M.N.A.
Premier of Quebec

Note: In Quebec, the title “Honourable” is used solely by the lieutenant governor. However, a Quebec dignitary who is also a member of the Privy Council will have the title “Honourable” for life and use the letters P.C. after his or her name.

Dear Premier:

Note: While the term “Mr. Premier” or “Madam Premier” is often heard informally, it is not used officially.

The Honourable (full name), M.L.A. (or M.P.P./M.H.A.)
Minister of (Portfolio)

M.L.A. applies to all provinces and territories except for:

• Ontario (M.P.P.)
• Quebec (M.N.A.)
• Newfoundland (M.H.A.)

Note: A provincial or territorial cabinet minister does not retain the title "Honourable" after tenure of office unless he or she is a member of the Privy Council. In this case, the letters P.C. are also used after his or her name.

Dear Minister:

OR

Dear Colleague: (between colleagues)

(Full name), M.N.A.
Minister of (Portfolio)

Note: In Quebec, the title “Honourable” is used solely by the lieutenant governor. However, a Quebec dignitary who is also a member of the Privy Council will have the title “Honourable” for life and use the letters P.C. after his or her name.

Dear Minister:

OR

Dear Colleague: (between colleagues)

The Honourable (full name)

Chief Judge of (court)

OR

Chief Justice of (court) OR

Judge of (court)

Dear Chief Judge (surname):

OR

Dear Chief Justice (surname):

OR

Dear Mr. Justice (surname):

OR

Dear Madam Justice (surname):

OR

Dear Justice (surname):

“Chief Judge (surname)” or “Chief Justice (surname)”

OR

"Mr. Justice (surname)" or “Madam Justice (surname)” or “Justice (surname)”

The Honourable (full name)
Chief Judge/Judge of (court)

Note: The Table of Titles to be used in Canada recognizes the title "Honourable" for provincially/territorially appointed judges. The courtesy title "His Honour" or "Her Honour" is no longer appropriate given an official title has been granted.

Mr./Mrs./Ms./Mx. (full name), M.L.A. (or M.P.P./M.N.A./M.H.A.)

M.L.A. applies to all provinces and territories except for:

• Ontario (M.P.P.)
• Quebec (M.N.A.)
• Newfoundland (M.H.A.)

His Imperial Majesty (regnal name^{Footnote 13})
Emperor of (country)

OR

Her Imperial Majesty (regnal name^{Footnote 13})
Empress of (country)

His Majesty (regnal name^{Footnote 13})
King of (country)

Your Majesty:

OR

Sire:

His Royal Highness
The Prince of (place)

OR

Her Royal Highness
The Princess of (place)

His Serene Highness
The Prince of (place)

OR

Her Serene Highness
The Princess of (place)

Prince (full name)

OR

Princess (full name)

Prince:

OR

Princess:

His Excellency (full name)

OR

Her Excellency (full name)

President of the Republic of (country)

His Excellency the Honourable (full name)

OR

Her Excellency the Honourable (full name)

President of the United States of America

The White House
Washington, D.C.

Dear Mr. President:

OR

Dear Madam President:

His Excellency (full name)

OR

Her Excellency (full name)

Prime Minister of (country)

His Excellency (full name)

OR

Her Excellency (full name)

Ambassador of (country)/High Commissioner for (country)

There is one exception:

For Great Britain, the High Commissioner is addressed as “British High Commissioner” and not “High Commissioner for Britain”

His Holiness Pope (regnal name^{Footnote 13})

Apostolic Palace
00120 Vatican City

His Eminence (first name) Cardinal (surname)
(Additional titles)

Note: The title "Cardinal" comes between the first name and surname of the incumbent, for example "John Cardinal Smith" for a Cardinal by the name of John Smith.

Your Eminence:

OR

Dear Cardinal (surname):

The Most Reverend (full name)
Archbishop or Bishop of (name of Archdiocese or Diocese)

Note: The Holy See has accorded the courtesy title "His Excellency" to Roman Catholic archbishops and bishops; that title is not recognized by Canadian civil authorities.

The Right Reverend (full name)
Abbot of (name of abbey or monastery)

Note: The title of the abbot may be followed by post-nominal letters specific to the abbot’s religious order.

Right Reverend Father:

OR

Dear Abbott (surname):

The Reverend Mother (full name) or Mother Superior (full name)

Note: The title of the abbess may be followed by post-nominal letters specific to the abbess’s religious order.

Reverend Father (full name)

OR

Reverend Mother (full name) or Reverend Sister (full name)

Dear Father (name):

OR

Dear Reverend Mother:

or Dear Reverend Sister:

"Reverend Father"

OR

"Reverend Mother" or "Reverend Sister"

Dear Father (surname):

OR

Dear Mother (surname):

OR

Dear Mrs./Ms. (surname):

"Father" or "Father (surname)"

OR

"Mother" or "Mother (surname)"

OR

"Mrs./Ms. (surname)"

The Reverend Father (full name)

OR

Reverend Mother (full name) or Reverend Sister (full name)

Dear Father (name):

OR

Dear Reverend Mother:
or Dear Reverend Sister:

"Reverend Father"

OR

"Reverend Mother" or "Reverend Sister"

A present ordained Moderator:
The Right Reverend (full name)
Moderator of (name of Church)

A past ordained Moderator:
The Very Reverend (full name)
Moderator of (name of Church)

Dear Sir: or Dear Mr. Mayor:

OR

Dear Madam: or Dear Madam Mayor:

(Full name)
Mayor of (city or town name)

Note: The title “His or Her Worship” is not used in Quebec. Its French equivalent, “Son Honneur” (His or Her Honour), is used solely by serving lieutenant governors.

Dear Sir: or Dear Mr. Mayor:

OR

Dear Madam: or Dear Madam Mayor:

(full name), M.D.

Note: While M.D. (Doctor of Medicine) is presented here as an example, other medical or health care degrees such as Doctor of Dental Medicine (D.D.M.)/Dental Surgery (D.D.S.) or Doctor of Clinical Psychology (Psy.D.) are recognized and are treated in the same way as M.D.

(full name), Ph.D.

Note: Note that depending on the issuing institution, the degree of Doctor of Philosphy (Ph.D.) may also be abbreviated D.Phil. While Ph.D. is presented here as an example, other academic doctoral degrees such as Doctor of Laws (LL.D.) or Doctor of Science (D.Sc.) are recognized and treated in the same way as Ph.D.

In general, Officers should be addressed by rank, as shown in the example below:

Major (full name)

In general, Warrant Officer, Non-Commissioned Officers and other ranks should be addressed as shown in the example below:

Sergeant (full name)