Adjusted models for effect of democracy in 170 countries, 1998

Health indicator	Adjusted model†	Model including democracy
Infant mortality/1000 live births	B₀=34.474; B_{1(gross national product)}=-0.00114; B_2(Gini)=0.904; B_{3(total government expenditure)}=-0.819**; r²=0.362	B₀=3.206; B_{1(gross national product)}=-0.000603; B_2(Gini)=0.936; B_{3(total government expenditure)}=-0.375; B_4(demo1)=28.205; B_5(demo2)=36.791*; r²=0.470; change in r²=0.108; DW=1.945, F=17.170, P<0.001
Life expectancy (years)	B₀=68.479; B_{1(gross national product)}=0.0003917; B_2(Gini)=-0.228; B_{3(total government expenditure)}=0.157; r²=0.377	B₀=78.419; B_{1(gross national product)}=0.0002278; B_2(Gini)=-0.240; B_{3(total government expenditure)}=-0.01085; B_4(demo1)=-8.831; B_5(demo2)=-11.538*; r²=0.512; change in r²=0.134; DW=1.628, F=20.119, P<0.001
Maternal mortality/100 000 live births	B₀=218.474; B_{1(gross national product)}=-0.00464; B_2(Gini)=4.287; B_{3(total government expenditure)}=-7.152; r²=0.305	B₀=89.238; B_{1(gross national product)}=-0.00236; B_2(Gini)=4.213; B_{3(total government expenditure)}=-5.015; B_4(demo1)=145.677; B_5(demo2)=124.928*; r²=0.365; change in r²=0.06; DW=1.906, F=9.769, P<0.001

demo1=passage from free country to partially free country; demo2=passage from free country to not free country. DW=Durbin Watson test as measure of independence and lack of self correlation (better independence 1.5 and 2).

*P<0.05.

†Adjusted for total government expenditure, gross national product, and Gini coefficient.