Pre- and post-Columbian gene and cultural continuity: the case of the Gaucho from southern Brazil

Hum Hered. 2007;64(3):160-71. doi: 10.1159/000102989. Epub 2007 May 25.

Abstract

Objective: To investigate the evolutionary and demographic history of the Gaucho, a distinct population of southern Brazil, relating it to their culture, to assess possible parallel continuity.

Methods: Six binary polymorphisms, an Alu insertion polymorphism (YAP) and 12 short tandem repeat loci in the non-recombining region of the Y-chromosome, as well as the sequence of the first hypervariable segment (HVS-I) of the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) control region were studied in 150 unrelated males born in the Pampa region of Rio Grande do Sul.

Results: Comparison of the results with the other Brazilian and Uruguayan populations, as well as with their putative ancestors, indicated a stronger male Spanish influence than that observed elsewhere in Brazil, a former Portuguese colony. Extensive mtDNA analyses of their Amerindian component gave clear indications of the presence there of material from extinct (Charrua), as well as extant (Guarani) tribes.

Conclusions: The genetic analyses contributed in a significant way to reveal that the known cultural continuity between pre- and post-Columbian Pampa populations was also accompanied by an extraordinary genetic continuity.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Brazil / ethnology
  • Chromosomes, Human, Y / genetics
  • Culture*
  • DNA, Mitochondrial / genetics
  • Founder Effect
  • Gene Flow*
  • Humans
  • Indians, South American
  • Male
  • Polymorphism, Genetic*

Substances

  • DNA, Mitochondrial