Football Glossary and Football Statistics Glossary

Is there something at the site that needs more clarification and should be listed here? Please let us know about it.

1st team all-pro - On the player and team pages, the words "all-pro" now mean first-team all-pro, according to the Associated Press all-pro team from 1940--present or the UPI team from 1931--1939.

2PM - two-point conversions made.

A/G - attempts (either passing or rushing) per game.

ANY/A - adjusted net yards per passing attempt: (pass yards + 20*(pass TD) - 45*(interceptions thrown) - sack yards)/(passing attempts + sacks). See AY/A.

AP1 - the number of times the player was named first team all-pro.

Ast - assists on tackles. See tackles. Pre-1994, assists are grouped with tackles. From 1994 to the present, they remain an unofficial stat, but are recorded consistently and should be complete in our database.

Att - attempts. If in a rushing table, this is rushing attempts. If in a passing table, it means passing attempts.

AV - approximate value. This is our attempt to put a single number on each player-season since 1960 so that we can (very approximately) compare across years and across positions. See this About page for all the details.

AvRk - on coach's pages, this number is the average finish, within the division, of that coach's teams.

AY/A - adjusted yards per passing attempt: (pass yards + 20*(pass TD) - 45*(interceptions thrown))/(passing attempts). This stat was introduced, and the reasoning behind it thoroughly explained in a book called The Hidden Game of Football, by Bob Carroll, Pete Palmer, and John Thorn. Note that we are now using 20 yards per TD instead of 10.

BB (position) - blocking back (in the single wing).

Blck - punts had blocked.

Cmp% - completion percentage: completions/(passing attempts).

Expected W-L - this is an estimate of what the team's record "should have been," given the team's points scored and allowed. The concept goes back to baseball analyst Bill James' Pythagorean formula.

Expected Points - expected points represent the estimated point value at the start of a given play, based on down, distance, and field position. Further explanation of the formula is on our blog.

FantPos - fantasy position. This is (for now) always either QB, RB, WR, or TE. The reason we need this column is that, to compute VBD, every player needs to be classified as one and only position. It gets a bit problematic for players like Eric Metcalf who played different positions at different points in their career. If you see a player-season that is misclassified, please let us know.

FantPt - fantasy points:

Passing Yards: 1 point per 25 yards passing
Passing Touchdowns: 4 points
Interceptions: -2 points
Rushing Yards: 1 point per 10 yards
Rushing Touchdowns: 6 points
Receiving Yards: 1 point per 10 yards
Receiving Touchdowns: 6 points
Return Touchdowns: 6 points
Fumble Recovered for a Touchdown: 6 points
2-Point Conversions: 2 points
Fumbles Lost: -2 points

FF - forced fumbles. We are still working on integrating this into our data set.

FGA - field goals attempted.

FGM - field goals made.

FL (position) - flanker.

Fmb - fumbles. This includes all fumbles, including those that were recovered by the fumbler's team.

FR - fumble recoveries.

G - games played.

GS - games started. This is complete from 1980 forward, and partially complete before that.

Int - in a passing table, this means interceptions thrown. In a defensive table, it means interceptions caught.

LH (position) - left halfback.

Lng - long gain. This was the player's (or team's) longest gain of the season in that particular category.

LS (position) - left safety.

MG (position) - middle guard (in a 5-2 defense).

NY/A - net yards per passing attempt: (pass yards - sack yards)/(passing attempts + sacks).

OthTD - other TDs: all touchdowns that were not rushing, receiving, kickoff return, punt return, interception return, or fumble return touchdowns.

OvRank - overall rank (for fantasy football). This denotes the player's overall rank (among all players, not just those at his position) for that season. See also VBD and fantasy points.

PB - the number of times the player was a pro bowler.

PD - passes defensed. A relatively new stat. We are still working on integrating it into our data set.

Pnt - punts.

Pos - position. Note that this is upper-case if the player was his team's primary starter at the given position, it is lower-case if the player started some games but was not his team's primary starter. It is blank if the player did not start very many games (or none at all). There are no hard-and-fast rules for exactly who gets classified as a primary starter, a part-time starter, or a non-starter, but the information has been provided to us by the editors of the ESPN Pro Football Encyclopedia, who have made these designations after much research.

PosRank - position rank (for fantasy football). This denotes the player's rank within his position for that season. See also VBD, fantasy points, and OvRank.

Pro Bowler - A player is considered a Pro Bowler if they were named to the Pro Bowl in the initial selections, if they were a named replacement who played in the Pro Bowl, or if they were a replacement selection who was unavailable because of the Super Bowl. If they were in the initial selections, a player is considered a Pro Bowler even if they do not end up appearing in the Pro Bowl due to injury.

Pts - points scored. A player is credited with points scored when they score a touchdown, kick a field goal, are the defender responsible for a safety, convert a point after touchdown, or score a two-point conversion. On passing plays, the receiver is the player credited with points, since they are the player entering the end zone.

R/G - receptions per game.

Rate - passer rating. Note that pro and college football use different formulas. Some details can be found here and you can calculate a passer rating using our NFL Passer Rating Calculator Tool.

Rec - receptions.

RH (position) - right halfback.

RRTD - rushing TDs plus receiving TDs.

RS (position) - right safety.

SE (position) - split end.

Sk - in a passing table (1969--present), this refers to times sacked. In a defensive table, it refers to the number of sacks a player or team made. For individuals, sacks have only been an official stat since 1982.

Sk% - sack percentage: (times sacked)/(passing attempts + times sacked).

SoS - Strength of Schedule indicates the combined winning percentages of the opponents this team played in a given year. Higher SoS indicates a tougher schedule, lower indicates easier.

SRS - Simple Rating System, explained in this blog post, uses a team's point differential and strength of schedule to assign a rating to each team, with 0.0 considered average. The difference in two teams' SRS ratings can be considered to be a point spread should they play each other, disregarding home field advantage.

St - the number of seasons in which the player was his team's primary starter at his position.

Targets - pass targets, as given in the play-by-play account of the game. Note that pass locations are defined as long (15 or more yards) or short (less than 15 yards).

T/G - in the team stats section of a coach's page, this denotes the team's takeaway/giveaway rank.

TB (position) - tailback (in the single wing).

TD - touchdowns.

TD% - passing TD percentage: (passing TD)/(passing attempts).

Tkl - tackles. We have tackle data for all players who were active in 1994 or later. Prior to 1994, the tackle data is unofficial, inconsistently recorded from team to team, and incomplete in our database. Also, before 1994, some teams recorded assists while others didn't, so we have lumped tackles plus assists together in the tackles column for those years. From 1994 to present, tackles remain an unofficial stat, but are recorded consistently and should be complete in our database.

VBD - the player's fantasy value for the season. VBD stands for Value-Based Drafting, but the initials have come to stand for the result of the method (i.e. the value of the player) in addition to the method itself. The method was popularized by Joe Bryant of footballguys.com in the early 90s.

Essentially, the idea is this: the value of a player is the difference between his fantasy points and a baseline, with the baseline being defined as the number of fantasy points that a relatively cheap replacement would get. I've defined the baselines as the fantasy point totals of the #12 QB, the #24 RB, the #30 WR, and the #12 TE for each season. I won't go into detail on why I chose these numbers, but if you are a fantasy footballer, you probably have some idea.

Anyway, here's an example. In 1975, O.J. Simpson had 362 fantasy points. The #24 ranked running back that year was John Brockington who had 116 fantasy points. Thus, O.J.'s value for 1975 is defined to be 362 - 116, which is 246. But wait, there's just one more thing. Since the NFL schedule was only 14 games long back in those days, I'll multiply that 246 by 16/14 to get 281 (I've also adjusted the values for the strike-shortened seasons of 1982 and 1987 in this way).

NOTE: any player who is below the baseline will be counted as having zero value.

wAV - weighted career approximate value. See the entry on AV. The weighted career AV is computed by summing 100% of the player's best-season AV, 95% of his second-best-season AV, 90% of his third best, and so on. The idea is that the weighted career AV rating should weight peak seasons slightly more than "compiler"-type seasons.

WB (position) - wingback (in the single wing).

XPA - extra points attempted.

XPM - extra points made.

Y/A - yards per attempt.

Y/C - yards per completion.

Y/G - yards per game.

Y/R - yards per reception.

Yds - yards.

YScm - yards from scrimmage. That is, rushing yards plus receiving yards.

This is a quick look at how a quarterback did compared to league average in nine different passing stats: yards per attempt, adjusted yards per attempt, net yards per attempt, adjusted net yards per attempt, completion percentage, passing TD percentage, interception percentage, sack percentage, and Passer Rating.

First, for each stat for each year for each league, we computed two things:

1. the league average for that stat in that league during the three-year period with the given year in the middle. For example, the "league average" for the 1963 AFL would be the aggregate average of the stats accumulated in the AFL from 1962 to 1964. (NOTE: the 1960 AFL and the 1969 AFL, as well as the current season, will be based on only two years worth of data rather than three.)
2. the standard deviation of the stat for all individuals who had 14 or more pass attempts per scheduled game during the three-year period.

Next, we computed how many standard deviations away from the league average each player was in each of his seasons. We multiply that number by 15 and add it to 100, and that is the number you see.

Bottom line:

• On all stats, 100 is league average.
• On all stats (including sack percentage and interception percentage), a higher number means better than average
• The greatest passing seasons of all time are in the 140s. A typical league-leading season in most categories will be in the high 120s or the low-to-mid 130s.

Fine print:

• Only seasons in which the player attempted 50 or more passes are included in the Adjusted Passing table
• The career score at the bottom is an attempt-weighted average of the numbers in the column. I.e.

  (yr1 attempts)*(yr1 score) + (yr2 attempts)*(yr2 score) + ..... + (yrN attempts)*(yrN score)
  ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                    total attempts
  

• For seasons in which times sacked was not recorded, the stats involving sacks are blank. For these stats, the totals at the bottom include only the seasons for which the yearly score is not blank, so in some cases they might not be representative of the player's entire career.

At baseball-reference.com you'll find, for each player in baseball history, a list of players similar to that player. These lists are generated by a method introduced by Bill James in the 1980s, and his aim was to find players who were similar in quality, but also similar in style of play.

The similar players lists here at pro-football-reference are NOT the same thing.

Unfortunately, football stats just aren't descriptive enough to capture players' styles. So we have settled for a method that attempts to find players whose careers were similar in terms of quality and shape. By shape, we mean things like: how many years did he play? how good were his best years, compared to his worst years? did he have a few great years and then several mediocre years, or did he have many good-but-not-great years?

Essentially, if you run across a player you've never heard of before, and if the list of similar players has some names you recognize, this gives you a quick way to (very roughly) figure out where the guy fits in history.

You can read more about it in the AV about page.