Allele frequency comparative study between the two main Egyptian ethnic groups
Introduction
STR is a common and effective technique used for population genetics characterization [1]. Studying the variation of autosomal STRs loci has become possible due to the presence of highly efficient DNA amplification systems, such as AmpFlSTR Profiler and AmpFlSTR SGM Plus. Therefore, the detection of autosomal STRs isa powerful tool for genetic variations study.
The obtained genetic datasets – from the DNA Sequencer – could be on the form of either genotype or phenotype. Genotype is the set of genes that a person has. It may refer to the entire genome of a person or to the alleles carried at a particular locus. Phenotype is the physical features of a person. It refers to any aspect of an organism’s morphology, behavior, or physiology. A person’s phenotype is affected by its genotype and by its environment [2].
Previous studies compared between the Egyptian Muslims and Egyptian Christians. The first one [3] supported the homogeneity hypothesis between the two ethnic groups. On the other hand, the second [4] found that the two ethnic groups had significant differences in six STRs loci.
The aim of this study is to compare alleles’frequencies of nine STRs autosomal loci for Egyptian Muslims and Egyptian Christians usinga sample collected from all around Egypt. Moreover, it aims to evaluate genetic correlation and convergence between both groups statistically, graphically and by calculating their forensic efficiency parameters [[5], [6], [7], [8]].
Section snippets
Populations
A database was established based on 9 STRs loci (D3S1358, VWA, FGA, THO1, TPOX, CSF1PO, D5S818, D13S317, and D7S820) of 100 blood samples for each of the two ethnic groups. These 200 unrelated healthy individuals originate from different geographical spots covering all over Egypt.
Random Subject Selection rules were applied to select subjects to be included in the study.
Data fairness is warranted since every member is given equal opportunity of being selected. The data sample used in this
Genotype allele
The allele frequency comparison between Egyptian Muslims and Egyptian Christians groups results are shown in Table 1.
Graphical representation
Allele frequencies are obtained for all individuals comprising ethnic group samples. The obtained data should undergo statistical analysis to ensure their randomization and homogeneity. The samples scores were used to represent each sample in statistical analysis as each sample score is based on the allelic content of the sample with respect to the population allele frequency.
Conclusion
In this paper, we aimed to, study the genetic correlation between the two Egyptian ethnic groups Muslims and Christians, based on the study of the allele frequencies of nine STRs autosomal loci. Several statistical and visualization techniques were applied. Both groups show small SE values, which indicate that both of them represent the Egyptian population very well. Moreover, the forensic efficiency parameters showed a great genetic homogeneity and correlation between the two ethnic groups.
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