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Assyria city
- 1. Assyria city Report about College of Health and medical technology Baghdad Department of Physiotherapy & Rehabilitation Done by Zaid Hjab Tawfeeq 4th stage student Supervised by Dr. Lamyaa Jawad Ph.D. Assistant prof.
- 2. 1 The historical city of Assyria Assyria It is a very ancient archaeological historical city. It is located in Iraq, in the region where the Sharqat Fort is currently located. As it was considered the first capital of the Assyrian civilization. And that is before the king (Assyria Nasser II) moved the country's capital to the Nimrod region, also known as Kaleh. In addition, it represents one of the most important urban centers in the northern part of Iraq. The history of the city of Assyria dates back to about 10,000 years. During its ancient history, it witnessed a civilized, religious, and commercial activity, which made it an important place in the region, but it fell and collapsed by the year 605 BC. The Assyrian civilization is considered one of the ancient civilizations. It is who taught the world the alphabet, and civilization. It contributed greatly to the foundation of the first structure of astronomy. The Assyrian people were distinguished by strong. As the Assyrians excelled in hunting lions. They were distinguished by rock carving. They also excelled in developing and creating tools, means of defense, fighting, and blockading enemies. Many kings reign Assyria, the most famous were: the king second Assyria Naserbal (884-858 B.C), the king Sennacherib (705- 681 B.C.) and the king Ashur Banibal. The Assyria city located beside Tigris River in the west side of it near the upper Zap meets the Tigris River. Bounded from north by low plain made by water of Tigris. As from the west side is bounded by many rocky plateaus. And bounded it from the east side by large plain called (Makhmor plain). The Assyria is distant away from the center of Babel by 350 km and from the south of Mosul city by 110 km. Around a year BC, the Babylonians ruled south of Mesopotamia (Iraq) while they dominated The Assyrian warriors are to its north, and their kingdom is located in the valley of the upper Tigris River. The Assyrians' wealth increased through the commercial activities that they were practicing, by selling textiles and minerals everywhere. The Assyrian kings expanded their areas of research to control all trade routes and eliminate the revolutions that waged them in neighboring countries and the Assyrian Empire reached its greatest extent during the period of rule Babel, Syria, Cyprus, northern Arabia, and Egypt joined it, and the Assyrians were among the greatest builders, and therefore they built a wonderful city full of temples and palaces, and the Assyrian state adopted on a military military basis, which led to their use of horses and war vehicles and the creation of catapults of all kinds, as they used iron in He made light weapons as swords. The king (Assyria Banipal) was the last and greatest of the Assyrian rulers and he was educated and cultured and during a period of wisdom he established a huge library in which he preserved ancient records, on which many literary, historical, mathematical and astronomical inscriptions were recorded, and when this king died the Assyrian Empire fell and today there are ruins The city of Assyria, which had a special sanctity and a distinguished position at a distance of 1 km south of the city of Mosul in Iraq
- 3. 2 The historic city of Assyria included a large number of archaeological monuments, some of which are still visible today, in good condition. Among these monuments: Fences: The city of Assyria is surrounded by inside and outside two long walls, which had a prominent role in protecting the city from invasions and attacks. The outer wall extends to the southern side of the city, forming a semi-standing angle. The wall also includes several observation towers with a width of about 7.60 m. As for the inner wall, it extends along the outer wall, and 20 meters away from it, and it continues its path to the western, southwestern, To finally bend between the two western gates. Temples and Ziggurat: The city of Assyria contains a large ziggurat that was dedicated to worship, and is still standing today to a good condition, and in its full size except for the lower part of it; Where he was exposed to damage, and vandalism, as the remains of two other ziggurats are found to the west of this zakurah, except that they are smaller in size, one of which was devoted to the worship of God Anu, and the other to the worship of God Adad, in addition to that the city of Assyria includes 35 temples, the most important of which: the Temple of Ash The Temple of Shamash, the Temple of Ishtar, the Temple of Marduk, and the Temple of Nebo. The palaces: the most important of which are the royal palace, which is located to the west of the ziggurat, and the Parthian palace located at the southeastern corner of the city walls, and the new palace located in the northwestern part of the city, and the House of Akito, which was built outside the city walls by order of the Assyrian King Sennacherib, as it was For New Year's holidays. Gates: The walls of the city of Assyria include thirteen gates, where these gates are located in the straight or semi-curved portions of the city walls, and the main gate is known as the (Korkuri Gate), or (Tabira), which is located in the northwestern part of the wall, and is considered wider City gates; It was constructed on a high terrace of milk, and its construction was developed and modified after the Assyrian era, and the gateway to revealing this portal is due to the German prospector (Walter Andre) who was found during a excavation period of the city (1903-1914), and it was also found A gate called the (Partial Gate), which has a simple design, which includes a room with a square shape, and it has an external door with two shutters, and an internal one with locks, and both doors have the same width. Social life in Assyria: The mortar was divided into five layers: notables; and industrialists organized into class, trade unions .The third includes professions, craftsmen and unskilled workers who are free city makers and rural farmers; Include. The Fourth Artists were associated with the land of the Grand Farms, just as their likes were associated with them in Europe in the Middle Ages, The fifth slave included prisoners of war or prisoners of debt, and these were required to be visible in their social status. Wearing their ears, shaving their heads, they were the ones who were doing menial work everywhere. And see the inscription from the era. We will shoot guards with their own hands, whips that oversee these slaves who are organized in two long parallel rows running a piece. Heavy statue on woodworkers. Assyria encouraged the multiplication of offspring with its ethical laws and what they enacted From the canons, Like all military states, abortion was a punishable crime Death penalty, and the woman who aborts herself, and even the woman who dies while trying to abort herself, is yet to be faked If some of them reached a high status in marriage Her death. The status of women in Assyria was lower than in Babylon, was the intrigues. Strict penalties were
- 4. 3 imposed on them if their husbands were hurt, and married women were not allowed to leave He went to the highway without a headscarf, and was asked to be very honest about their symptoms - if he was allowed Way Their husbands to take whatever secret they want. Prostitution was considered a must and regulated by laws. He was the king And if that is killed A number of women live in isolation and spend their time dancing, singing, taking off, embroidery and plotting. He commits adultery with his wife, the adulterer, dressed in his crime, after that he deserves his right, and this custom remained after many laws were removed. That she permitted. As for other than this, marriage laws in Assyria were the same as in Babel Uncle, one thing which is that Marriage was often a simple purchase, and the wife often lived in and visited her father's house Her husband from time to time. In many aspects of Assyrian life, we witness parental rigidity that we see as natural in a people He lives from his conquest, and he lives on the limits of barbarism, with all the meanings of this word. And religion seems to have had no effect in reducing this violence and this brutality. Because the debt was not from him He was adapting himself the authority over the government is as much as it had in Babylon, according to the needs and tastes of the kings. And it was Assyria, their national deity from the sun gods, has a warlike spirit, and does not spare his enemies. Economic life in Assyria The economic life of the Assyrians was not very different from that of the Babylonians; this is because these and those were in many cases only the sons of the north and the sons of the south from one civilization. The most important differences between the two countries were that the southern kingdom was more engaged in trade, while the northern was more engaged in agriculture. The Babylonians were wealthy, mostly merchants. Those who earned money by buying cheap and selling expensive goods. However, the two rivers themselves were overflowing and feeding on the land of the two kingdoms, and the system of bridges and canals in particular controlled both of the two rivers, and the rivers themselves were raising water from the lower streams to irrigate fields that grow the same wheat, barley, sorghum and sesame. The industries upon which life depends The people of the cities are one; the two kingdoms had a single system for scales, measures, and scales, according to which goods would be exchanged. Nineveh and other metropolitan areas were filled with crafts and industries thanks to the great wealth that their kings brought to them, and the cities at the northern end of this region had prevented them from being major commercial centers, and minerals were extracted from the land of the country or imported in abundance from outside. In or around BC B.C, iron instead of bronze became the main metal in industry and armament, minerals were smelted, glass was made, textiles were stained, and porcelain was painted; Houses in Nineveh were equipped and furnished as they were furnished and furnished in Europe before the coup.
- 5. 4 References: 1- J.M. Munn-Rankin (1975). "Assyrian Military Power, 1300–1200 B.C.". In I.E.S. Edwards (ed.). Cambridge Ancient History, Volume 2, Part 2, History of the Middle East and the Aegean Region, c. 1380–1000 BC. Cambridge University Press. pp. 287–288, 298. 2- Christopher Morgan (2006). Mark William Chavalas (ed.). The Ancient Near East: Historical Sources in Translation. Blackwell Publishing. pp. 145–152. 3- ario Liverani (2004), "Assyria in the Ninth Century: Continuity or Change?", in Frame, Grant (Ed.), From the Upper to the Lower Sea: Studies on the History of Assyria and Babylonia in Honour of A.K Grayson, (Leiden, 2004), pp. 213.